Dan G O'Neill, Alison Skipper, Rowena M A Packer, Caitriona Lacey, Dave C Brodbelt, David B Church, Camilla Pegram
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English Bulldogs had 2.04 times the odds of diagnosis with ≥ 1 disorder than dogs that are not English Bulldogs (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85 to 2.25). At a specific-level of diagnostic precision, English Bulldogs had increased odds of 24/43 (55.8%) disorders. These included: skin fold dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 38.12; 95% CI 26.86 to 54.10), prolapsed nictitating membrane gland (OR 26.79; 95% CI 18.61 to 38.58) and mandibular prognathism (OR 24.32; 95% CI 13.59 to 43.53). Conversely, English Bulldogs had significantly reduced odds of 6/43 (14.0%) disorders. These included: retained deciduous tooth (OR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.17), lipoma (OR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.40) and periodontal disease (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.30). At a grouped-level of diagnostic precision, English Bulldogs had significantly increased odds of 17/34 (50.0%) disorders. These included: congenital disorder (OR 7.55; 95% CI 5.29 to 10.76), tail disorder (OR 6.01; 95% CI 3.91 to 9.24) and lower respiratory tract disorder (OR 5.50; 95% CI 4.11 to 7.35). Conversely, English Bulldogs had significantly reduced odds of 3/34 (8.8%) disorders. These were: dental disorder (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.31), spinal cord disorder (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.71) and appetite disorder (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that the health of English Bulldogs is substantially lower than dogs that are not English Bulldogs and that many predispositions in the breed are driven by the extreme conformation of these dogs. Consequently, immediate redefinition of the breed towards a moderate conformation is strongly advocated to avoid the UK joining the growing list of countries where breeding of English Bulldogs is banned.</p>","PeriodicalId":72519,"journal":{"name":"Canine medicine and genetics","volume":"9 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9199211/pdf/","citationCount":"8","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"English Bulldogs in the UK: a VetCompass study of their disorder predispositions and protections.\",\"authors\":\"Dan G O'Neill, Alison Skipper, Rowena M A Packer, Caitriona Lacey, Dave C Brodbelt, David B Church, Camilla Pegram\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40575-022-00118-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The English Bulldog has risen sharply in popularity over the past decade but its distinctive and extreme conformation is linked to several serious health conditions. Using multivariable analysis of anonymised veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme, this study compared the odds of common disorders between English Bulldogs and all remaining dogs in the UK during 2016.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 905,544 dogs under veterinary care during 2016, the analysis included a random sample of 2,662 English Bulldogs and 22,039 dogs that are not English Bulldogs. English Bulldogs had 2.04 times the odds of diagnosis with ≥ 1 disorder than dogs that are not English Bulldogs (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85 to 2.25). At a specific-level of diagnostic precision, English Bulldogs had increased odds of 24/43 (55.8%) disorders. These included: skin fold dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 38.12; 95% CI 26.86 to 54.10), prolapsed nictitating membrane gland (OR 26.79; 95% CI 18.61 to 38.58) and mandibular prognathism (OR 24.32; 95% CI 13.59 to 43.53). Conversely, English Bulldogs had significantly reduced odds of 6/43 (14.0%) disorders. 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引用次数: 8
摘要
背景:在过去的十年里，英国斗牛犬的受欢迎程度急剧上升，但它独特而极端的体型与几种严重的健康状况有关。通过对VetCompass项目匿名兽医临床数据的多变量分析，本研究比较了2016年英国斗牛犬和英国所有其他狗之间常见疾病的几率。结果:从2016年接受兽医护理的905,544只狗中，分析包括随机抽样的2662只英国斗牛犬和22039只非英国斗牛犬。英国斗牛犬诊断为≥1障碍的几率是非英国斗牛犬的2.04倍(95%可信区间[CI] 1.85 ~ 2.25)。在特定的诊断精度水平上，英国斗牛犬患疾病的几率增加了24/43(55.8%)。包括:皮肤褶皱性皮炎(优势比[OR] 38.12;95% CI 26.86 ~ 54.10)，脱垂的隐膜腺(OR 26.79;95% CI 18.61 ~ 38.58)和下颌前突(OR 24.32;95% CI 13.59 ~ 43.53)。相反，英国斗牛犬患6/43(14.0%)疾病的几率显著降低。这些包括:保留乳牙(OR 0.02;95% CI 0.01 ~ 0.17)，脂肪瘤(OR 0.06;95% CI 0.01 ~ 0.40)和牙周病(OR 0.23;95% CI 0.18 ~ 0.30)。在诊断精度的分组水平上，英国斗牛犬患疾病的几率显著增加17/34(50.0%)。这些包括:先天性疾病(OR 7.55;95% CI 5.29 ~ 10.76)，尾部紊乱(OR 6.01;95% CI 3.91 ~ 9.24)和下呼吸道疾病(OR 5.50;95% CI 4.11 ~ 7.35)。相反，英国斗牛犬的3/34(8.8%)疾病几率显著降低。这些是:牙齿紊乱(OR 0.25;95% CI 0.20 - 0.31)，脊髓障碍(OR 0.31;95% CI 0.14 ~ 0.71)和食欲障碍(OR 0.43;95% CI 0.20 ~ 0.91)。结论:这些结果表明，英国斗牛犬的健康状况明显低于非英国斗牛犬，并且该品种的许多易感性是由这些犬的极端构象驱动的。因此，为了避免英国加入越来越多的禁止繁殖英国斗牛犬的国家，强烈主张立即对品种进行重新定义，以达到适度的一致性。
English Bulldogs in the UK: a VetCompass study of their disorder predispositions and protections.
Background: The English Bulldog has risen sharply in popularity over the past decade but its distinctive and extreme conformation is linked to several serious health conditions. Using multivariable analysis of anonymised veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme, this study compared the odds of common disorders between English Bulldogs and all remaining dogs in the UK during 2016.
Results: From 905,544 dogs under veterinary care during 2016, the analysis included a random sample of 2,662 English Bulldogs and 22,039 dogs that are not English Bulldogs. English Bulldogs had 2.04 times the odds of diagnosis with ≥ 1 disorder than dogs that are not English Bulldogs (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85 to 2.25). At a specific-level of diagnostic precision, English Bulldogs had increased odds of 24/43 (55.8%) disorders. These included: skin fold dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 38.12; 95% CI 26.86 to 54.10), prolapsed nictitating membrane gland (OR 26.79; 95% CI 18.61 to 38.58) and mandibular prognathism (OR 24.32; 95% CI 13.59 to 43.53). Conversely, English Bulldogs had significantly reduced odds of 6/43 (14.0%) disorders. These included: retained deciduous tooth (OR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.17), lipoma (OR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.40) and periodontal disease (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.30). At a grouped-level of diagnostic precision, English Bulldogs had significantly increased odds of 17/34 (50.0%) disorders. These included: congenital disorder (OR 7.55; 95% CI 5.29 to 10.76), tail disorder (OR 6.01; 95% CI 3.91 to 9.24) and lower respiratory tract disorder (OR 5.50; 95% CI 4.11 to 7.35). Conversely, English Bulldogs had significantly reduced odds of 3/34 (8.8%) disorders. These were: dental disorder (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.31), spinal cord disorder (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.71) and appetite disorder (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.91).
Conclusions: These results suggest that the health of English Bulldogs is substantially lower than dogs that are not English Bulldogs and that many predispositions in the breed are driven by the extreme conformation of these dogs. Consequently, immediate redefinition of the breed towards a moderate conformation is strongly advocated to avoid the UK joining the growing list of countries where breeding of English Bulldogs is banned.
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