Emma E Fraser, Kathryn J Ogden, Andrea Radford, Emily R Ingram, Joanne E Campbell, Amanda Dennis, Anne M Corbould
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With the aim of exploring the nuanced interaction between GDM and mental health further, we investigated whether GDM treatment modality (diet versus insulin) influenced psychological wellbeing in women with GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychological wellbeing was assessed in women with GDM treated with diet (GDM-Diet, <i>n</i> = 20) or insulin (GDM-Insulin, <i>n</i> = 15) and pregnant women without GDM (non-GDM, <i>n</i> = 20) using questionnaires [Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6), and in women with GDM, Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID)] at 24-34 weeks gestation and again at ∼36 weeks gestation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women in the GDM-insulin group had significantly higher levels of anxiety than the non-GDM group at both time points. Women in the GDM-Diet group had higher levels of anxiety at 24-34 weeks gestation than the non-GDM group but did not differ at ∼36 weeks gestation. Although depression scores tended to be higher in GDM-Insulin and GDM-Diet groups than in the non-GDM group at both time points, this was not statistically significant. Diabetes-related distress was similar in the GDM-Diet and GDM-Insulin groups at both time points and did not change during pregnancy. A high proportion of the GDM-Insulin group had past/current mental illness (60%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this pilot study GDM was associated with differences in psychological wellbeing, specifically increased anxiety in women treated with insulin. Specialised interventions to support women with GDM should be considered, especially those requiring insulin.<b>Trial registration:</b> Not applicable as this was a purely observational study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12891,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9888455/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Exploring the psychological wellbeing of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): increased risk of anxiety in women requiring insulin. 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With the aim of exploring the nuanced interaction between GDM and mental health further, we investigated whether GDM treatment modality (diet versus insulin) influenced psychological wellbeing in women with GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychological wellbeing was assessed in women with GDM treated with diet (GDM-Diet, <i>n</i> = 20) or insulin (GDM-Insulin, <i>n</i> = 15) and pregnant women without GDM (non-GDM, <i>n</i> = 20) using questionnaires [Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6), and in women with GDM, Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID)] at 24-34 weeks gestation and again at ∼36 weeks gestation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women in the GDM-insulin group had significantly higher levels of anxiety than the non-GDM group at both time points. Women in the GDM-Diet group had higher levels of anxiety at 24-34 weeks gestation than the non-GDM group but did not differ at ∼36 weeks gestation. Although depression scores tended to be higher in GDM-Insulin and GDM-Diet groups than in the non-GDM group at both time points, this was not statistically significant. Diabetes-related distress was similar in the GDM-Diet and GDM-Insulin groups at both time points and did not change during pregnancy. A high proportion of the GDM-Insulin group had past/current mental illness (60%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this pilot study GDM was associated with differences in psychological wellbeing, specifically increased anxiety in women treated with insulin. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在澳大利亚，妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)并发症约占16%，对母亲和婴儿的健康都有重大影响。产前焦虑和抑郁也与不良妊娠结局有关。妊娠期GDM与心理健康之间的相互作用尚不清楚。为了进一步探索GDM与心理健康之间的微妙相互作用，我们研究了GDM的治疗方式(饮食与胰岛素)是否会影响GDM女性的心理健康。方法:采用问卷调查[爱丁堡抑郁量表(EDS)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI-6)和患有GDM的孕妇(非GDM, n = 20)，在妊娠24-34周和妊娠36周再次进行问卷调查]，对接受饮食(GDM- diet, n = 20)或胰岛素(GDM-胰岛素，n = 15)治疗的GDM妇女进行心理健康评估。结果:gdm -胰岛素组的女性在两个时间点的焦虑水平均显著高于非gdm组。gdm饮食组的妇女在妊娠24-34周的焦虑水平高于非gdm组，但在妊娠36周时没有差异。虽然gdm -胰岛素组和gdm -饮食组的抑郁评分在两个时间点都高于非gdm组，但这没有统计学意义。在两个时间点上，GDM-Diet组和gdm -胰岛素组的糖尿病相关焦虑相似，在怀孕期间没有变化。gdm -胰岛素组过去/现在有精神疾病的比例很高(60%)。结论:在这项初步研究中，GDM与心理健康的差异有关，特别是接受胰岛素治疗的女性焦虑增加。应考虑对患有GDM的妇女进行专门干预，特别是那些需要胰岛素的妇女。试验注册:不适用，因为这是一项纯粹的观察性研究。
Exploring the psychological wellbeing of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): increased risk of anxiety in women requiring insulin. A Prospective Longitudinal Observational Pilot Study.
Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates ∼16% of pregnancies in Australia and has significant implications for health of both mother and baby. Antenatal anxiety and depression are also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The interaction between GDM and mental health in pregnancy is poorly understood. With the aim of exploring the nuanced interaction between GDM and mental health further, we investigated whether GDM treatment modality (diet versus insulin) influenced psychological wellbeing in women with GDM.
Methods: Psychological wellbeing was assessed in women with GDM treated with diet (GDM-Diet, n = 20) or insulin (GDM-Insulin, n = 15) and pregnant women without GDM (non-GDM, n = 20) using questionnaires [Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6), and in women with GDM, Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID)] at 24-34 weeks gestation and again at ∼36 weeks gestation.
Results: Women in the GDM-insulin group had significantly higher levels of anxiety than the non-GDM group at both time points. Women in the GDM-Diet group had higher levels of anxiety at 24-34 weeks gestation than the non-GDM group but did not differ at ∼36 weeks gestation. Although depression scores tended to be higher in GDM-Insulin and GDM-Diet groups than in the non-GDM group at both time points, this was not statistically significant. Diabetes-related distress was similar in the GDM-Diet and GDM-Insulin groups at both time points and did not change during pregnancy. A high proportion of the GDM-Insulin group had past/current mental illness (60%).
Conclusions: In this pilot study GDM was associated with differences in psychological wellbeing, specifically increased anxiety in women treated with insulin. Specialised interventions to support women with GDM should be considered, especially those requiring insulin.Trial registration: Not applicable as this was a purely observational study.
期刊介绍：
Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: an Open Access Journal (HPBM) publishes theoretical and empirical contributions on all aspects of research and practice into psychosocial, behavioral and biomedical aspects of health. HPBM publishes international, interdisciplinary research with diverse methodological approaches on: Assessment and diagnosis Narratives, experiences and discourses of health and illness Treatment processes and recovery Health cognitions and behaviors at population and individual levels Psychosocial an behavioral prevention interventions Psychosocial determinants and consequences of behavior Social and cultural contexts of health and illness, health disparities Health, illness and medicine Application of advanced information and communication technology.
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