家蝇 kdr 型等位基因的全球模式。

IF 3.6 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Current Tropical Medicine Reports Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-19 DOI:10.1007/s40475-022-00281-6
Gonzalo Roca-Acevedo, Ivana Boscaro, Ariel Ceferino Toloza
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引用次数: 0

摘要

审查目的:家蝇(Musca domestica L.)是影响人类和驯养动物的重要卫生害虫。它们是 100 多种人类和动物疾病的机械携带者,包括原生动物、细菌、蠕虫和病毒感染。最近,有研究表明,家蝇在接触后的 1 天内获得、携带和传播 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)。由于拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的有效性、对哺乳动物的低毒性、低成本和环境安全性,最广泛使用的控制策略是使用拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂。拟除虫菊酯的主要作用机制是通过影响电压敏感钠通道(VSSC)来改变神经冲动的传递,从而产生毒性作用,导致昆虫死亡。VSSC 的靶位点不敏感是由于单核多态性(SNPs)的存在,这种单核多态性被称为基因敲除突变(kdr)。在这篇综述中,我们综合了有关这些突变的类型和全球分布情况的最新数据:最近的发现:据报道,一些国家出现了家蝇抗药性。除虫菊酯在控制家蝇种群方面应用的增加导致了多种抗性进化起源的出现,这些起源由 VSSC 中的五个氨基酸取代或特定突变决定:kdr (L1014F)、kdr-his (L1014H)、super-kdr (M918T + L1014F)、N 型 (D600N + M918T + L1014F) 和 1B (T929I + L1014F)。根据所获得的全球图谱,对拟除虫菊酯的高抗性与 L1014F 突变有关,该突变主要出现在北美、欧洲和亚洲,而 super-kdr 突变则主要出现在美洲大陆。这些等位基因对拟除虫菊酯的保护水平一般为 kdr-his kdr N 型 ≤ super-kdr ≤ 1B。在实验室条件下,等位基因的相对适应性为易感 ≅ kdr-his > kdr > super-kdr,这表明等位基因的适应性成本与种群中其他等位基因的存在有关,在无杀虫剂环境中,抗性的恢复在不同地区可能会有很大差异。摘要:适当的害虫综合治理计划应考虑监测对拟除虫菊酯的易感性,以检测早期抗性水平,并预测抗性表型和基因型的扩散和演变。综上所述,只有极少数国家确定了家蝇群体对拟除虫菊酯的抗药性状况,而且这些抗药性在世界不同地区独立演变,影响了化学防治计划。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Global Pattern of <i>kdr</i>-Type Alleles in <i>Musca domestica</i> (L.).

Global Pattern of <i>kdr</i>-Type Alleles in <i>Musca domestica</i> (L.).

Global Pattern of <i>kdr</i>-Type Alleles in <i>Musca domestica</i> (L.).

Global Pattern of kdr-Type Alleles in Musca domestica (L.).

Purpose of review: Houseflies, Musca domestica L., are an important sanitary pest that affects human and domesticated animals. They are mechanical carriers of more than 100 human and animal diseases including protozoan, bacterial, helminthic, and viral infections. Recently, it was demonstrated that houseflies acquired, harbored, and transmitted SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) for up to 1 day post-exposure. The most widely used control strategy relays on the application of pyrethroid insecticides due to their effectiveness, low mammalian toxicity, low cost, and environmental safety. The main mechanism of action of pyrethroids is to exert their toxic effects through affecting the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) modifying the transmission of the nerve impulse and leading to the death of the insects. Target site insensitivity of the VSSC is due to the presence of single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) named knockdown mutations (kdr). In this review, we synthetize recent data on the type and distribution of these mutations globally.

Recent findings: Housefly resistance is reported in several countries. Increased applications of pyrethroids to control housefly populations led to the emergence of multiple evolutionary origins of resistance determined by five amino acid substitutions or specific mutations in the VSSC: kdr (L1014F), kdr-his (L1014H), super-kdr (M918T + L1014F), type N (D600N + M918T + L1014F), and 1B (T929I + L1014F). According to the global map obtained, high levels of resistance to pyrethroids are associated with the L1014F mutation found mostly in North America, Europe, and Asia, while the super-kdr mutation was mostly found in the American continent. The level of protection conferred by these alleles against pyrethroids was generally kdr-his < kdr < Type N ≤ super-kdr ≤ 1B. The relative fitness of the alleles under laboratory conditions was susceptible ≅ kdr-his > kdr > super-kdr suggesting that the fitness cost of an allele was relative to the presence of other alleles in a population and that the reversion of resistance in a free insecticide environment might be quite variable from one region to another.

Summary: An adequate integrated pest management program should consider monitoring susceptibility to pyrethroids to detect early levels of resistance and predict the spread and evolution of resistant phenotypes and genotypes. From this review, the pyrethroid resistance status of housefly population was determined in very few countries and has evolved independently in different areas of the world affecting chemical control programs.

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来源期刊
Current Tropical Medicine Reports
Current Tropical Medicine Reports Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
1.90%
发文量
23
期刊介绍: Current Tropical Medicine Reports provides expert views on recent advances in the field of tropical medicine in a clear and readable form. This journal offers reviews by domestic and international contributors that highlight the most important, recent papers and findings related to this specific field. We accomplish this by appointing renowned leaders in major tropical medicine subject areas to select topics addressing virology, bacteriology, parasitology, entomology, immunology, cell and molecular biology, epidemiology, ecology, behavioral science and clinical medicine for review by experts who assess the latest developments and highlight significant papers published over the last few years on their topics. These review articles also stress recently published papers of importance in the references, which are accompanied by annotations explaining their importance. In addition to these Section Editors, our international Editorial Board ensures our journal upholds its standards.
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