{"title":"一种评估杜氏肌萎缩症儿童动态平衡的新仪器:四方步检验及其效度、信度和可行性。","authors":"Esra Aldirmaz, Fatma Uğur, Öznur Yilmaz, Ayşe Karaduman, İpek Alemdaroğlu-Gürbüz","doi":"10.1080/17518423.2022.2143924","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate validity, reliability and feasibility of the Four Square Step Test (FSST) in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 44 children with DMD aged 5-12 years. The functional level of the children was determined by using the Brooke Lower Extremity Functional Classification (BLEFC). The concurrent validity of the FSST, a dynamic balance assessment, was investigated by analyzing the association between FSST and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the FSST was determined by using the Intra Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) while the feasibility of the test was determined by calculating the percentage of children who successfully completed the test in accordance with the test instructions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FSST score of the children (mean age 9.25 ± 2.14 years) was 11.91 ± 3.43 and the BLEFC level ranged from Level 1 (65.9%) to Level 3 (9.1%). FSST had positive, moderate relation with BLEFC (r = 0.447; p = .002); positive, strong relation with TUG (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.623), and negative, moderate correlations with NSAA (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.529) and 6MWT distance (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.592) (p < .001). Intra-rater (ICC: 0.965) and inter-rater (ICC: 0.991) reliability was \"excellent,\" and the test was feasible with successful performance of 88% children.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The FSST is a valid, reliable and feasible instrument to assess dynamic balance as well as having the ability to reflect falling risk and different functional levels of children with DMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51227,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neurorehabilitation","volume":"26 1","pages":"27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A New Instrument to Assess Dynamic Balance in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Four Square Step Test and Its Validity, Reliability and Feasibility.\",\"authors\":\"Esra Aldirmaz, Fatma Uğur, Öznur Yilmaz, Ayşe Karaduman, İpek Alemdaroğlu-Gürbüz\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/17518423.2022.2143924\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate validity, reliability and feasibility of the Four Square Step Test (FSST) in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 44 children with DMD aged 5-12 years. The functional level of the children was determined by using the Brooke Lower Extremity Functional Classification (BLEFC). The concurrent validity of the FSST, a dynamic balance assessment, was investigated by analyzing the association between FSST and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the FSST was determined by using the Intra Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) while the feasibility of the test was determined by calculating the percentage of children who successfully completed the test in accordance with the test instructions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FSST score of the children (mean age 9.25 ± 2.14 years) was 11.91 ± 3.43 and the BLEFC level ranged from Level 1 (65.9%) to Level 3 (9.1%). FSST had positive, moderate relation with BLEFC (r = 0.447; p = .002); positive, strong relation with TUG (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.623), and negative, moderate correlations with NSAA (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.529) and 6MWT distance (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.592) (p < .001). Intra-rater (ICC: 0.965) and inter-rater (ICC: 0.991) reliability was \\\"excellent,\\\" and the test was feasible with successful performance of 88% children.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The FSST is a valid, reliable and feasible instrument to assess dynamic balance as well as having the ability to reflect falling risk and different functional levels of children with DMD.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":51227,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Developmental Neurorehabilitation\",\"volume\":\"26 1\",\"pages\":\"27-36\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Developmental Neurorehabilitation\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2022.2143924\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Developmental Neurorehabilitation","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2022.2143924","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
A New Instrument to Assess Dynamic Balance in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Four Square Step Test and Its Validity, Reliability and Feasibility.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate validity, reliability and feasibility of the Four Square Step Test (FSST) in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
Methods: The study included 44 children with DMD aged 5-12 years. The functional level of the children was determined by using the Brooke Lower Extremity Functional Classification (BLEFC). The concurrent validity of the FSST, a dynamic balance assessment, was investigated by analyzing the association between FSST and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the FSST was determined by using the Intra Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) while the feasibility of the test was determined by calculating the percentage of children who successfully completed the test in accordance with the test instructions.
Results: The FSST score of the children (mean age 9.25 ± 2.14 years) was 11.91 ± 3.43 and the BLEFC level ranged from Level 1 (65.9%) to Level 3 (9.1%). FSST had positive, moderate relation with BLEFC (r = 0.447; p = .002); positive, strong relation with TUG (rs = 0.623), and negative, moderate correlations with NSAA (rs = -0.529) and 6MWT distance (rs = -0.592) (p < .001). Intra-rater (ICC: 0.965) and inter-rater (ICC: 0.991) reliability was "excellent," and the test was feasible with successful performance of 88% children.
Discussion: The FSST is a valid, reliable and feasible instrument to assess dynamic balance as well as having the ability to reflect falling risk and different functional levels of children with DMD.
期刊介绍：
Developmental Neurorehabilitation aims to enhance recovery, rehabilitation and education of people with brain injury, neurological disorders, and other developmental, physical and intellectual disabilities. Although there is an emphasis on childhood, developmental disability can be considered from a lifespan perspective. This perspective acknowledges that development occurs throughout a person’s life and thus a range of impairments or diseases can cause a disability that can affect development at any stage of life.
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