蛋白酶体与衰老。

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Ashok N Hegde, Lindsey M Duke, Logan E Timm, Hannah Nobles
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引用次数: 2

摘要

蛋白酶体是一种多亚基蛋白水解复合物,其功能是降解正常蛋白以进行生理调节,并消除异常蛋白以保护细胞。一般来说,蛋白酶体靶向的底物蛋白被标记为多个泛素分子的附着。在生物体中各种类型的细胞中,对蛋白质的损害既来自内部来源,如活性氧,也来自外部来源,如太阳的紫外线辐射。蛋白酶体的功能是通过降解受损的蛋白质来保护细胞。然而,正如许多研究收集的证据所表明的那样,随着年龄的增长,蛋白酶体降解受损蛋白质的能力降低了。对肌肉、皮肤和大脑衰老的研究表明,随着年龄的增长,蛋白酶体的催化活性降低,蛋白酶体亚基的表达发生改变。与年龄相关的受损或错误折叠蛋白质的积累导致蛋白酶体活性进一步降低。与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病也会导致异常蛋白的积累。蛋白酶体活性的缺陷可能是蛋白质聚集体积累的原因,因此有助于病理。几项研究的结果表明,蛋白酶体与寿命之间存在联系。本章回顾了蛋白酶体与衰老过程相关的各种方式,并检查了从培养细胞、模式生物和人类的调查中收集的证据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Proteasome and Ageing.

The proteasome is a multi-subunit proteolytic complex that functions to degrade normal proteins for physiological regulation and to eliminate abnormal proteins for cellular protection. Generally, the proteasome targets substrate proteins that are marked by attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules. In various types of cells in an organism, damage to proteins occurs both from internal sources such as reactive oxygen species and from external ones such as UV radiation from the sun. The proteasome functions to protect the cells by degrading damaged proteins. With ageing, however, the capacity of the proteasome to degrade damaged proteins is reduced as indicated by evidence gathered by many studies. Studies on ageing in muscle, skin, and brain show that with age catalytic activity of the proteasome is decreased and the expression of proteasome subunits is altered. Age-related accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins causes further reduction of proteasome activity. Abnormal proteins also accumulate as a result of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Deficits in proteasome activity might be responsible for accumulation of protein aggregates and thus contribute to the pathology. Results from several studies suggest a link between the proteasome and longevity. This chapter reviews the various ways in which the proteasome is associated with the ageing process and examines evidence gathered from investigations on cultured cells, model organisms, and humans.

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来源期刊
Sub-cellular biochemistry
Sub-cellular biochemistry Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
期刊介绍: The book series SUBCELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY is a renowned and well recognized forum for disseminating advances of emerging topics in Cell Biology and related subjects. All volumes are edited by established scientists and the individual chapters are written by experts on the relevant topic. The individual chapters of each volume are fully citable and indexed in Medline/Pubmed to ensure maximum visibility of the work.
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