{"title":"2019冠状病毒病大流行期间波兰的无烟家庭——一项全国性横断面调查。","authors":"Aurelia Ostrowska, Jarosław Pinkas, Wojciech Giermaziak, Waldemar Wierzba, Mariusz Gujski, Mateusz Jankowski","doi":"10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Secondhand smoke exposure causes serious health problems. Banning smoking in public venues decreases exposure to secondhand smoke. However, the implementation of smoke-free rules in a private setting (including homes) is largely voluntary. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of voluntary smoke-free home rules in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as to identify factors associated with the voluntary implementation of smoking bans at home.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2022 with a nationally representative sample of 1090 individuals aged ≥18 years in Poland. Data were collected using a computerassisted web interviewing (CAWI) technique. The research tool was an original questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nationally, 60.6% of individuals had total ban on smoking in home (100% smoke-free home rules), 34.0% had implemented a partial smokefree home rule and 5.4% had not implemented any smoke-free home rules. Over three-quarters of non-smokers (76.8%) and only one-fifth of smokers (20.7%) had adopted a full smoke-free home rule. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, males (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.22-2.22, p < 0.01), non-smokers (OR = 13.78, 95% CI: 9.80-19.38, p < 0.001), respondents who had higher education (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.15-2.14, p < 0.01) as well as those who lived alone (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.52-3.90, p < 0.001) had higher odds of having a 100% smoke-free home rule.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of smoke-free home rules in Poland. Less than two-thirds of the Polish population has adopted a total smoke-free home rule, with significant gaps between smokers and nonsmokers. Information on current voluntary smoke-free rules will be useful for further implementation of the smoke-free law in Poland. 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However, the implementation of smoke-free rules in a private setting (including homes) is largely voluntary. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of voluntary smoke-free home rules in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as to identify factors associated with the voluntary implementation of smoking bans at home.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2022 with a nationally representative sample of 1090 individuals aged ≥18 years in Poland. Data were collected using a computerassisted web interviewing (CAWI) technique. The research tool was an original questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nationally, 60.6% of individuals had total ban on smoking in home (100% smoke-free home rules), 34.0% had implemented a partial smokefree home rule and 5.4% had not implemented any smoke-free home rules. Over three-quarters of non-smokers (76.8%) and only one-fifth of smokers (20.7%) had adopted a full smoke-free home rule. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, males (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.22-2.22, p < 0.01), non-smokers (OR = 13.78, 95% CI: 9.80-19.38, p < 0.001), respondents who had higher education (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.15-2.14, p < 0.01) as well as those who lived alone (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.52-3.90, p < 0.001) had higher odds of having a 100% smoke-free home rule.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of smoke-free home rules in Poland. Less than two-thirds of the Polish population has adopted a total smoke-free home rule, with significant gaps between smokers and nonsmokers. Information on current voluntary smoke-free rules will be useful for further implementation of the smoke-free law in Poland. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:接触二手烟会导致严重的健康问题。禁止在公共场所吸烟可以减少接触二手烟。然而，在私人环境(包括家庭)实施无烟规定在很大程度上是自愿的。本研究旨在评估2019冠状病毒病大流行期间波兰自愿无烟家庭规定的流行程度和特点，并确定与自愿实施家庭禁烟有关的因素。材料和方法:该横断面调查于2022年3月在波兰进行，具有全国代表性的样本为1090名年龄≥18岁的个体。使用计算机辅助网络访谈(CAWI)技术收集数据。研究工具是为本研究目的而开发的原始问卷。结果:在全国范围内，60.6%的个人在家中完全禁止吸烟(100%无烟家庭规定)，34.0%的人实施了部分无烟家庭规定，5.4%的人没有实施任何无烟家庭规定。超过四分之三的不吸烟者(76.8%)和只有五分之一的吸烟者(20.7%)采用了完全无烟的地方法规。在多因素logistic回归分析中，男性(OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.22-2.22, p < 0.01)、非吸烟者(OR = 13.78, 95% CI: 9.80-19.38, p < 0.001)、受过高等教育的受访者(OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.15-2.14, p < 0.01)以及独居者(OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.52-3.90, p < 0.001)拥有100%无烟家庭规则的几率更高。结论:本研究证明了COVID-19大流行对波兰实施无烟家庭规定的负面影响。波兰只有不到三分之二的人口实行了完全无烟的地方自治，吸烟者和不吸烟者之间的差距很大。关于目前自愿无烟规则的资料将有助于在波兰进一步执行无烟法。中华医学杂志，2009;36(1):84-95。
Smoke-free homes in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic - a nationwide cross-sectional survey.
Objectives: Secondhand smoke exposure causes serious health problems. Banning smoking in public venues decreases exposure to secondhand smoke. However, the implementation of smoke-free rules in a private setting (including homes) is largely voluntary. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of voluntary smoke-free home rules in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as to identify factors associated with the voluntary implementation of smoking bans at home.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2022 with a nationally representative sample of 1090 individuals aged ≥18 years in Poland. Data were collected using a computerassisted web interviewing (CAWI) technique. The research tool was an original questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study.
Results: Nationally, 60.6% of individuals had total ban on smoking in home (100% smoke-free home rules), 34.0% had implemented a partial smokefree home rule and 5.4% had not implemented any smoke-free home rules. Over three-quarters of non-smokers (76.8%) and only one-fifth of smokers (20.7%) had adopted a full smoke-free home rule. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, males (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.22-2.22, p < 0.01), non-smokers (OR = 13.78, 95% CI: 9.80-19.38, p < 0.001), respondents who had higher education (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.15-2.14, p < 0.01) as well as those who lived alone (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.52-3.90, p < 0.001) had higher odds of having a 100% smoke-free home rule.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of smoke-free home rules in Poland. Less than two-thirds of the Polish population has adopted a total smoke-free home rule, with significant gaps between smokers and nonsmokers. Information on current voluntary smoke-free rules will be useful for further implementation of the smoke-free law in Poland. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(1):84-95.
期刊介绍：
The Journal is dedicated to present the contemporary research in occupational and environmental health from all over the world. It publishes works concerning: occupational and environmental: medicine, epidemiology, hygiene and toxicology; work physiology and ergonomics, musculoskeletal problems; psychosocial factors at work, work-related mental problems, aging, work ability and return to work; working hours, shift work; reproductive factors and endocrine disruptors; radiation, ionizing and non-ionizing health effects; agricultural hazards; work safety and injury and occupational health service; climate change and its effects on health; omics, genetics and epigenetics in occupational and environmental health; health effects of exposure to nanoparticles and nanotechnology products; human biomarkers in occupational and environmental health, intervention studies, clinical sciences’ achievements with potential to improve occupational and environmental health.
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