人类粪便和公共厕所在 COVID-19 传播中的关键作用:来自中国的证据

IF 11.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering
Sustainable Cities and Society Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-11 DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2021.103350
Qiuyun Wang, Lu Liu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

COVID-19 大流行的传播速度令人惊讶,因此迫切需要研究 COVID-19 的传播链或传播模式,而不是传统的呼吸道渠道。因此,本研究探讨了人类粪便和公共厕所是否在 COVID-19 的传播中扮演了关键角色。首先,研究建立了一个理论模型,模拟 COVID-19 通过公共厕所的传播链。其次,它利用中国的稳定疫情数据对这一理论进行了实证检验,并使用带有适当工具变量(IV)的两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)模型进行了实证估计。研究证实,污水直接促进了 COVID-19 在城市中的传播。然而,垃圾在这一传播链中的作用更为间接,因为垃圾与公共厕所有着复杂的关系,垃圾通过与公共厕所的相互作用,从而与人类粪便相互作用,促进了 COVID-19 在城市中的传播。这些发现具有很强的政策意义,因为如果我们能以某种方式将公共厕所的比例作为一种政策工具,那么我们就能找到一种方法,将一个地区的感染总数降到最低。如本研究所示,将一个城市的公共厕所(反对露天排便)与当地人口的比例提高到最佳水平,将有助于降低一个地区的总感染率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

On the Critical Role of Human Feces and Public Toilets in the Transmission of COVID-19: Evidence from China.

On the Critical Role of Human Feces and Public Toilets in the Transmission of COVID-19: Evidence from China.

On the Critical Role of Human Feces and Public Toilets in the Transmission of COVID-19: Evidence from China.

The surprising spread speed of the COVID-19 pandemic creates an urgent need for investigating the transmission chain or transmission pattern of COVID-19 beyond the traditional respiratory channels. This study therefore examines whether human feces and public toilets play a critical role in the transmission of COVID-19. First, it develops a theoretical model that simulates the transmission chain of COVID-19 through public restrooms. Second, it uses stabilized epidemic data from China to empirically examine this theory, conducting an empirical estimation using a two-stage least squares (2SLS) model with appropriate instrumental variables (IVs). This study confirms that the wastewater directly promotes the transmission of COVID-19 within a city. However, the role of garbage in this transmission chain is more indirect in the sense that garbage has a complex relationship with public toilets, and it promotes the transmission of COVID-19 within a city through interaction with public toilets and, hence, human feces. These findings have very strong policy implications in the sense that if we can somehow use the ratio of public toilets as a policy instrument, then we can find a way to minimize the total number of infections in a region. As shown in this study, pushing the ratio of public toilets (against open defecation) to the local population in a city to its optimal level would help to reduce the total infection in a region.

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来源期刊
Sustainable Cities and Society
Sustainable Cities and Society CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGYGREEN &-GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
CiteScore
18.40
自引率
13.70%
发文量
810
期刊介绍: Sustainable Cities and Society (SCS) is an international journal focusing on fundamental and applied research aimed at designing, understanding, and promoting environmentally sustainable and socially resilient cities.
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