老年工人的体力劳动暴露:测量有影响吗?

IF 2.7 2区 经济学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR
Theresa Andrasfay, Anne R Pebley, Noreen Goldman
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引用次数: 3

摘要

晚年从事体力劳动的情况在弱势群体中尤为普遍,这与长期健康结果有关,并可能导致一生中的健康不平等。过去对这些问题的研究依赖于职业信息网络(O*NET)的职业特征,但很少有人评估在社会经济地位、工作条件和健康分析中测量职业暴露时,O*NET与调查报告的比较。我们比较了健康与退休研究(HRS, N = 16,683名工作受访者)和O*NET测量的一般身体活动、举起/搬运物体的频率以及工作中所需弯腰相关姿势的频率。HRS项目与相应的O*NET项目之间的Pearson相关性从较弱到中等不等,适用于举重/搬运和弯腰相关的姿势,而适用于一般体育活动的Pearson相关性则相对较大。虽然测量的尺度不同,但HRS和O*NET对体力需求的测量都显示出在体力繁重工作中存在相似的性别、种族/民族和教育差异。我们拟合随机效应泊松模型来评估这些措施如何预测功能限制的积累,这是艰苦工作条件的潜在长期后果。可比较的HRS和O*NET测量与功能限制有相似的关联。我们还考虑了O*NET中可用的物理需求项目的平均值,发现该措施与一般体力活动的O*NET措施具有类似的功能限制关联。这些结果表明,O*NET特征和HRS受访者报告在体力工作暴露(pwe)以及体力要求高的工作与身体功能下降之间的关联方面产生了类似的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Physical Work Exposures of Older Workers: Does Measurement Make a Difference?

Physically demanding work at later ages, which is especially prevalent among disadvantaged groups, is associated with long-term health outcomes and may contribute to health inequality over the life course. Past studies of these issues have relied on occupational characteristics from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), but few have assessed how O*NET compares to survey reports when measuring occupational exposures in analyses of socioeconomic status, work conditions, and health. We compare Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 16,683 working respondents) and O*NET measurements of general physical activity, frequency of lifting/handling objects, and frequency of stooping-related postures required at work. Pearson correlations between the HRS items and corresponding O*NET items vary from weak to moderate for lifting/handling and stooping-related postures to relatively large for general physical activity. Though they are measured on different scales, both the HRS and O*NET measures of physical demands reveal similar sex, racial/ethnic, and educational differentials in exposure to physically strenuous work. We fit random effects Poisson models to assess how these measures predict accumulation of functional limitations, a potential long-term consequence of strenuous working conditions. Comparable HRS and O*NET measures have similar associations with functional limitations. We also consider an average of physical demand items available in O*NET, finding that this measure has similar associations with functional limitations as the O*NET measure of general physical activity. These results suggest that O*NET characteristics and HRS respondent reports produce comparable disparities in physical work exposures (PWEs) and associations between physically demanding work and declines in physical functioning.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
21.60%
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