{"title":"阿瓦萨中央监狱研究所:埃塞俄比亚西达马国家地区阿瓦萨囚犯中肺炎链球菌的鼻咽携带率、相关危险因素和抗生素敏感性","authors":"Oute Reta, Deresse Daka","doi":"10.1177/23333928231186687","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The bacterium <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> commonly causes severe bacterial illnesses in both children and adults. <i>S. pneumoniae</i> is the most fatal bacterial pathogen, causing 50% of the deaths from lower respiratory infections in people of all ages.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was aimed to determine a nasopharyngeal carriage rate of <i>S. pneumoniae</i>, related risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility among prisoners in Hawassa Central Prison Institute Hawassa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From July to August 2021, a cross-sectional investigation was carried out in Hawassa prison. All randomly chosen adult volunteers were a part of the study. In this study, about 330 different people were included. Within 3 h of collection, the swab specimen was inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar; the inoculated medium was then incubated for 18-24 h at 35-37 °C in a CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched environment. Following incubation, the <i>S. pneumoniae</i> colonies were suspected, but the usual colony shape, alpha-hemolysis, Gram staining, optochin susceptibility, and bile solubility test allowed for confirmation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall carriage rate of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> among adult individuals were 41 (12.7%). The carriage rate of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> was affected by age classes that 39-48 years (OR = 4.82, 95%CI = 1.49-15.56, <i>p</i> = .009), 49-58 years (OR = 5.27, 95%CI = 1.27-21.89, <i>p</i> = .022), and greater than 58 years (OR = 4.36, 95%CI = 1.13-16.90, <i>p</i> = .033); cigarette smoking (OR = 3.41, 95%CI = 1.16-10.01, <i>p</i> = .026); and sharing beds (OR = 3.91, 95%CI = 1.27-12.07, <i>p</i> = .018). The majority of the isolates are susceptible for clindamycin (87.8%) and resistant for chloramphenicol (56%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 36.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall carriage rate of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> was 12.7%. Age, cigarette smoking, and sharing beds in the same prison room had a substantial impact on this nasopharyngeal carriage rate. Chloramphenicol (56%), erythromycin (41.5%), tetracycline (39%), and co-trimoxazole (34.1%) resistance were seen in the majority of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> isolates. Early detection, hygiene maintenance, and appropriate treatment are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":12951,"journal":{"name":"Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"23333928231186687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/e7/10.1177_23333928231186687.PMC10338666.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Nasopharyngeal Carriage Rate of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, Related Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Inmates in Hawassa Central Prison Institute: Hawassa, Sidama National Region, Ethiopia.\",\"authors\":\"Oute Reta, Deresse Daka\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/23333928231186687\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The bacterium <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> commonly causes severe bacterial illnesses in both children and adults. <i>S. pneumoniae</i> is the most fatal bacterial pathogen, causing 50% of the deaths from lower respiratory infections in people of all ages.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was aimed to determine a nasopharyngeal carriage rate of <i>S. pneumoniae</i>, related risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility among prisoners in Hawassa Central Prison Institute Hawassa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From July to August 2021, a cross-sectional investigation was carried out in Hawassa prison. All randomly chosen adult volunteers were a part of the study. In this study, about 330 different people were included. Within 3 h of collection, the swab specimen was inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar; the inoculated medium was then incubated for 18-24 h at 35-37 °C in a CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched environment. Following incubation, the <i>S. pneumoniae</i> colonies were suspected, but the usual colony shape, alpha-hemolysis, Gram staining, optochin susceptibility, and bile solubility test allowed for confirmation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall carriage rate of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> among adult individuals were 41 (12.7%). The carriage rate of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> was affected by age classes that 39-48 years (OR = 4.82, 95%CI = 1.49-15.56, <i>p</i> = .009), 49-58 years (OR = 5.27, 95%CI = 1.27-21.89, <i>p</i> = .022), and greater than 58 years (OR = 4.36, 95%CI = 1.13-16.90, <i>p</i> = .033); cigarette smoking (OR = 3.41, 95%CI = 1.16-10.01, <i>p</i> = .026); and sharing beds (OR = 3.91, 95%CI = 1.27-12.07, <i>p</i> = .018). The majority of the isolates are susceptible for clindamycin (87.8%) and resistant for chloramphenicol (56%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 36.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall carriage rate of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> was 12.7%. Age, cigarette smoking, and sharing beds in the same prison room had a substantial impact on this nasopharyngeal carriage rate. Chloramphenicol (56%), erythromycin (41.5%), tetracycline (39%), and co-trimoxazole (34.1%) resistance were seen in the majority of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> isolates. Early detection, hygiene maintenance, and appropriate treatment are necessary.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12951,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology\",\"volume\":\"10 \",\"pages\":\"23333928231186687\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/e7/10.1177_23333928231186687.PMC10338666.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/23333928231186687\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23333928231186687","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:肺炎链球菌通常在儿童和成人中引起严重的细菌性疾病。肺炎链球菌是最致命的细菌性病原体，在所有年龄段的人中，50%的下呼吸道感染死亡是由它造成的。目的:本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚阿瓦萨中央监狱研究所囚犯中肺炎链球菌的鼻咽部携带率、相关危险因素和抗生素敏感性。方法:于2021年7月至8月在哈瓦萨监狱进行横断面调查。所有随机选择的成年志愿者都是研究的一部分。在这项研究中，大约有330名不同的人参与了研究。采集后3 h内，将拭子标本接种于5%羊血琼脂上;然后将接种好的培养基在35-37℃的富co2环境中孵育18-24 h。培养后，怀疑肺炎链球菌菌落，但通常的菌落形状，α溶血，革兰氏染色，光素敏感性和胆汁溶解度试验允许确认。抗菌药物敏感性试验是按照临床和实验室标准协会的指导方针进行的。结果:成人肺炎链球菌总携带率为41例(12.7%)。肺炎链球菌携带率受年龄层的影响分别为39 ~ 48岁(OR = 4.82, 95%CI = 1.49 ~ 15.56, p = 0.009)、49 ~ 58岁(OR = 5.27, 95%CI = 1.27 ~ 21.89, p = 0.022)、58岁以上(OR = 4.36, 95%CI = 1.13 ~ 16.90, p = 0.033);吸烟(或= 3.41,95% ci -10.01 = 1.16, p = .026);和分享床(或= 3.91,95% ci -12.07 = 1.27, p = .018)。大多数菌株对克林霉素敏感(87.8%)，对氯霉素耐药(56%)。多药耐药占36.7%。结论:肺炎链球菌总携带率为12.7%。年龄、吸烟和在同一监狱房间共用床对这一鼻咽携带率有重大影响。多数肺炎链球菌对氯霉素(56%)、红霉素(41.5%)、四环素(39%)和复方新诺明(34.1%)耐药。早期发现、保持卫生和适当治疗是必要的。
Nasopharyngeal Carriage Rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Related Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Inmates in Hawassa Central Prison Institute: Hawassa, Sidama National Region, Ethiopia.
Background: The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae commonly causes severe bacterial illnesses in both children and adults. S. pneumoniae is the most fatal bacterial pathogen, causing 50% of the deaths from lower respiratory infections in people of all ages.
Objectives: This study was aimed to determine a nasopharyngeal carriage rate of S. pneumoniae, related risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility among prisoners in Hawassa Central Prison Institute Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Methods: From July to August 2021, a cross-sectional investigation was carried out in Hawassa prison. All randomly chosen adult volunteers were a part of the study. In this study, about 330 different people were included. Within 3 h of collection, the swab specimen was inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar; the inoculated medium was then incubated for 18-24 h at 35-37 °C in a CO2-enriched environment. Following incubation, the S. pneumoniae colonies were suspected, but the usual colony shape, alpha-hemolysis, Gram staining, optochin susceptibility, and bile solubility test allowed for confirmation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's guidelines.
Results: Overall carriage rate of S. pneumoniae among adult individuals were 41 (12.7%). The carriage rate of S. pneumoniae was affected by age classes that 39-48 years (OR = 4.82, 95%CI = 1.49-15.56, p = .009), 49-58 years (OR = 5.27, 95%CI = 1.27-21.89, p = .022), and greater than 58 years (OR = 4.36, 95%CI = 1.13-16.90, p = .033); cigarette smoking (OR = 3.41, 95%CI = 1.16-10.01, p = .026); and sharing beds (OR = 3.91, 95%CI = 1.27-12.07, p = .018). The majority of the isolates are susceptible for clindamycin (87.8%) and resistant for chloramphenicol (56%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 36.7%.
Conclusions: The overall carriage rate of S. pneumoniae was 12.7%. Age, cigarette smoking, and sharing beds in the same prison room had a substantial impact on this nasopharyngeal carriage rate. Chloramphenicol (56%), erythromycin (41.5%), tetracycline (39%), and co-trimoxazole (34.1%) resistance were seen in the majority of S. pneumoniae isolates. Early detection, hygiene maintenance, and appropriate treatment are necessary.
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