老年肺和气肿肺的重塑:微环境线索的作用

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Béla Suki, Jason H T Bates, Erzsébet Bartolák-Suki
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引用次数: 0

摘要

衰老是一个影响所有器官的缓慢过程,肺也不例外。在肺泡层面,衰老会使气腔增大,隔壁变厚变硬,胶原纤维和弹性纤维变直变粗。这就形成了一种微环境,干扰了实质细胞维持正常平衡和应对损伤的能力。这些变化也使肺部更容易受到肺气肿等疾病的影响。肺气肿的特点是肺泡深部缓慢但渐进的重塑,导致气室扩大,弹性蛋白和胶原沉积增加但杂乱无章。这种重塑归因于持续的炎症,其中包括炎症细胞及其产生的细胞因子。细胞衰老是衰老的另一个后果,它削弱了细胞对损伤做出适当反应的能力,这也发生在肺气肿中。这些因素共同作用,使肺泡壁更容易出现机械损伤,通过蛋白质片段的免疫刺激引发炎症,从而导致肺气肿。衰老和肺气肿都受到微环境条件的影响,如局部炎症、化学组成、组织硬度和机械应力。虽然衰老和肺气肿并不等同,但它们有可能以协同的方式相互影响;衰老为肺气肿的发展创造了条件,而肺气肿则可能加速细胞衰老,从而加速衰老本身。本文将重点讨论衰老肺和肺气肿肺的微环境重塑之间的异同,并特别强调肺泡间隔壁。© 2022 美国生理学会。Compr Physiol 12:3559-3574, 2022.
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Remodeling of the Aged and Emphysematous Lungs: Roles of Microenvironmental Cues.

Aging is a slow process that affects all organs, and the lung is no exception. At the alveolar level, aging increases the airspace size with thicker and stiffer septal walls and straighter and thickened collagen and elastic fibers. This creates a microenvironment that interferes with the ability of cells in the parenchyma to maintain normal homeostasis and respond to injury. These changes also make the lung more susceptible to disease such as emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by slow but progressive remodeling of the deep alveolar regions that leads to airspace enlargement and increased but disorganized elastin and collagen deposition. This remodeling has been attributed to ongoing inflammation that involves inflammatory cells and the cytokines they produce. Cellular senescence, another consequence of aging, weakens the ability of cells to properly respond to injury, something that also occurs in emphysema. These factors conspire to make alveolar walls more prone to mechanical failure, which can set emphysema in motion by driving inflammation through immune stimulation by protein fragments. Both aging and emphysema are influenced by microenvironmental conditions such as local inflammation, chemical makeup, tissue stiffness, and mechanical stresses. Although aging and emphysema are not equivalent, they have the potential to influence each other in synergistic ways; aging sets up the conditions for emphysema to develop, while emphysema may accelerate cellular senescence and thus aging itself. This article focuses on the similarities and differences between the remodeled microenvironment of the aging and emphysematous lung, with special emphasis on the alveolar septal wall. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3559-3574, 2022.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comprehensive Physiology is the most authoritative and comprehensive collection of physiology information ever assembled, and uses the most powerful features of review journals and electronic reference works to cover the latest key developments in the field, through the most authoritative articles on the subjects covered. This makes Comprehensive Physiology a valued reference work on the evolving science of physiology for both researchers and clinicians. It also provides a useful teaching tool for instructors and an informative resource for medical students and other students in the life and health sciences.
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