Carlos Henrique Nascimento Domingues da Silva, Idrys Henrique Leite Guedes, Jefferson Carlos Santos de Lima, João Marcelo Duarte Ribeiro Sobrinho, Angela Amancio Dos Santos
{"title":"免疫系统在高血压条件下触发的反应和对靶器官损伤的反应:综述。","authors":"Carlos Henrique Nascimento Domingues da Silva, Idrys Henrique Leite Guedes, Jefferson Carlos Santos de Lima, João Marcelo Duarte Ribeiro Sobrinho, Angela Amancio Dos Santos","doi":"10.2174/1573403X18666220920090632","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a chronic, multifactorial clinical condition characterized by sustained high blood pressure levels. It is often associated with functional-structural alterations of target organs, which include heart, brain, kidneys, and vasculature.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study highlights the recent correlation between the immune system and hypertension and its repercussions on target-organ damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The descriptors used for the search of the study were \"hypertension\", \"immunity\", and \"target organs\". The methodology of the study followed the main recommendations of the PRISMA statement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The damage to the vasculature arises mainly from the migration of T cells and monocytes that become pro-inflammatory in the adventitia, releasing TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17, which induce endothelial damage and hinder vascular relaxation. In the renal context, the inflammatory process associated with hypertension culminates in renal invasion by leukocytes, which contribute to the injury of this organ by mechanisms of intense sympathetic stimulation, activation of the reninangiotensin system, sodium retention, and aggravation of oxidative stress. In the cardiac context, hypertension increases the expression of pro-inflammatory elements, such as B, T, and NK cells, in addition to the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α from angiotensin II, reactive oxygen species, and aldosterone. This pro-inflammatory action is also involved in brain damage through SphK1. In view of the above, the participation of the immune system in hypertension-induced injuries seems to be unequivocal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, understanding the multifactorial mechanisms related to hypertension will certainly allow for more efficient interventions in this condition, preventing target organ damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":"19 2","pages":"e200922208959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201903/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Responses Triggered by the Immune System in Hypertensive Conditions and Repercussions on Target Organ Damage: A Review.\",\"authors\":\"Carlos Henrique Nascimento Domingues da Silva, Idrys Henrique Leite Guedes, Jefferson Carlos Santos de Lima, João Marcelo Duarte Ribeiro Sobrinho, Angela Amancio Dos Santos\",\"doi\":\"10.2174/1573403X18666220920090632\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a chronic, multifactorial clinical condition characterized by sustained high blood pressure levels. It is often associated with functional-structural alterations of target organs, which include heart, brain, kidneys, and vasculature.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study highlights the recent correlation between the immune system and hypertension and its repercussions on target-organ damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The descriptors used for the search of the study were \\\"hypertension\\\", \\\"immunity\\\", and \\\"target organs\\\". The methodology of the study followed the main recommendations of the PRISMA statement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The damage to the vasculature arises mainly from the migration of T cells and monocytes that become pro-inflammatory in the adventitia, releasing TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17, which induce endothelial damage and hinder vascular relaxation. In the renal context, the inflammatory process associated with hypertension culminates in renal invasion by leukocytes, which contribute to the injury of this organ by mechanisms of intense sympathetic stimulation, activation of the reninangiotensin system, sodium retention, and aggravation of oxidative stress. In the cardiac context, hypertension increases the expression of pro-inflammatory elements, such as B, T, and NK cells, in addition to the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α from angiotensin II, reactive oxygen species, and aldosterone. This pro-inflammatory action is also involved in brain damage through SphK1. In view of the above, the participation of the immune system in hypertension-induced injuries seems to be unequivocal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, understanding the multifactorial mechanisms related to hypertension will certainly allow for more efficient interventions in this condition, preventing target organ damage.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10832,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Current Cardiology Reviews\",\"volume\":\"19 2\",\"pages\":\"e200922208959\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201903/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Current Cardiology Reviews\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X18666220920090632\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Cardiology Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X18666220920090632","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Responses Triggered by the Immune System in Hypertensive Conditions and Repercussions on Target Organ Damage: A Review.
Background: Hypertension is a chronic, multifactorial clinical condition characterized by sustained high blood pressure levels. It is often associated with functional-structural alterations of target organs, which include heart, brain, kidneys, and vasculature.
Objective: This study highlights the recent correlation between the immune system and hypertension and its repercussions on target-organ damage.
Methods: The descriptors used for the search of the study were "hypertension", "immunity", and "target organs". The methodology of the study followed the main recommendations of the PRISMA statement.
Results: The damage to the vasculature arises mainly from the migration of T cells and monocytes that become pro-inflammatory in the adventitia, releasing TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17, which induce endothelial damage and hinder vascular relaxation. In the renal context, the inflammatory process associated with hypertension culminates in renal invasion by leukocytes, which contribute to the injury of this organ by mechanisms of intense sympathetic stimulation, activation of the reninangiotensin system, sodium retention, and aggravation of oxidative stress. In the cardiac context, hypertension increases the expression of pro-inflammatory elements, such as B, T, and NK cells, in addition to the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α from angiotensin II, reactive oxygen species, and aldosterone. This pro-inflammatory action is also involved in brain damage through SphK1. In view of the above, the participation of the immune system in hypertension-induced injuries seems to be unequivocal.
Conclusion: Therefore, understanding the multifactorial mechanisms related to hypertension will certainly allow for more efficient interventions in this condition, preventing target organ damage.
期刊介绍:
Current Cardiology Reviews publishes frontier reviews of high quality on all the latest advances on the practical and clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. All relevant areas are covered by the journal including arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, drugs, methodology, pacing, and preventive cardiology. The journal is essential reading for all researchers and clinicians in cardiology.