Hongyuan Wang, Yuan Zhao, Marina Ezcurra, Alexandre Benedetto, Ann F Gilliat, Josephine Hellberg, Ziyu Ren, Evgeniy R Galimov, Trin Athigapanich, Johannes Girstmair, Maximilian J Telford, Colin T Dolphin, Zhizhou Zhang, David Gems
{"title":"在野生型秀丽隐杆线虫衰老过程中,孤雌生殖准程序引起畸胎瘤样肿瘤。","authors":"Hongyuan Wang, Yuan Zhao, Marina Ezcurra, Alexandre Benedetto, Ann F Gilliat, Josephine Hellberg, Ziyu Ren, Evgeniy R Galimov, Trin Athigapanich, Johannes Girstmair, Maximilian J Telford, Colin T Dolphin, Zhizhou Zhang, David Gems","doi":"10.1038/s41514-018-0025-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A long-standing belief is that aging (senescence) is the result of stochastic damage accumulation. Alternatively, senescent pathology may also result from late-life, wild-type gene action (i.e., antagonistic pleiotropy, as argued by Williams) leading to non-adaptive run-on of developmental programs (or <i>quasi-programs</i>) (as suggested more recently by Blagosklonny). In this study, we use existing and new data to show how uterine tumors, a prominent form of senescent pathology in the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, likely result from quasi-programs. Such tumors develop from unfertilized oocytes which enter the uterus and become hypertrophic and replete with endoreduplicated chromatin masses. Tumor formation begins with ovulation of unfertilized oocytes immediately after exhaustion of sperm stocks. We show that the timing of this transition between program and quasi-program (i.e., the onset of senescence), and the onset of tumor formation, depends upon the timing of sperm depletion. We identify homology between uterine tumors and mammalian ovarian teratomas, which both develop from oocytes that fail to mature after meiosis I. In teratomas, futile activation of developmental programs leads to the formation of differentiated structures within the tumor. We report that older uterine tumors express markers of later embryogenesis, consistent with teratoma-like activation of developmental programs. We also present evidence of coupling of distal gonad atrophy to oocyte hypertrophy. This study shows how the Williams Blagosklonny model can provide a mechanistic explanation of this component of <i>C. elegans</i> aging. It also suggests etiological similarity between teratoma and some forms of senescent pathology, insofar as both are caused by quasi-programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19334,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1038/s41514-018-0025-3","citationCount":"10","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A parthenogenetic quasi-program causes teratoma-like tumors during aging in wild-type <i>C. elegans</i>.\",\"authors\":\"Hongyuan Wang, Yuan Zhao, Marina Ezcurra, Alexandre Benedetto, Ann F Gilliat, Josephine Hellberg, Ziyu Ren, Evgeniy R Galimov, Trin Athigapanich, Johannes Girstmair, Maximilian J Telford, Colin T Dolphin, Zhizhou Zhang, David Gems\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41514-018-0025-3\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>A long-standing belief is that aging (senescence) is the result of stochastic damage accumulation. Alternatively, senescent pathology may also result from late-life, wild-type gene action (i.e., antagonistic pleiotropy, as argued by Williams) leading to non-adaptive run-on of developmental programs (or <i>quasi-programs</i>) (as suggested more recently by Blagosklonny). In this study, we use existing and new data to show how uterine tumors, a prominent form of senescent pathology in the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, likely result from quasi-programs. Such tumors develop from unfertilized oocytes which enter the uterus and become hypertrophic and replete with endoreduplicated chromatin masses. Tumor formation begins with ovulation of unfertilized oocytes immediately after exhaustion of sperm stocks. We show that the timing of this transition between program and quasi-program (i.e., the onset of senescence), and the onset of tumor formation, depends upon the timing of sperm depletion. We identify homology between uterine tumors and mammalian ovarian teratomas, which both develop from oocytes that fail to mature after meiosis I. In teratomas, futile activation of developmental programs leads to the formation of differentiated structures within the tumor. We report that older uterine tumors express markers of later embryogenesis, consistent with teratoma-like activation of developmental programs. We also present evidence of coupling of distal gonad atrophy to oocyte hypertrophy. This study shows how the Williams Blagosklonny model can provide a mechanistic explanation of this component of <i>C. elegans</i> aging. It also suggests etiological similarity between teratoma and some forms of senescent pathology, insofar as both are caused by quasi-programs.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19334,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2018-06-13\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1038/s41514-018-0025-3\",\"citationCount\":\"10\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-018-0025-3\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2018/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-018-0025-3","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2018/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
A parthenogenetic quasi-program causes teratoma-like tumors during aging in wild-type C. elegans.
A long-standing belief is that aging (senescence) is the result of stochastic damage accumulation. Alternatively, senescent pathology may also result from late-life, wild-type gene action (i.e., antagonistic pleiotropy, as argued by Williams) leading to non-adaptive run-on of developmental programs (or quasi-programs) (as suggested more recently by Blagosklonny). In this study, we use existing and new data to show how uterine tumors, a prominent form of senescent pathology in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, likely result from quasi-programs. Such tumors develop from unfertilized oocytes which enter the uterus and become hypertrophic and replete with endoreduplicated chromatin masses. Tumor formation begins with ovulation of unfertilized oocytes immediately after exhaustion of sperm stocks. We show that the timing of this transition between program and quasi-program (i.e., the onset of senescence), and the onset of tumor formation, depends upon the timing of sperm depletion. We identify homology between uterine tumors and mammalian ovarian teratomas, which both develop from oocytes that fail to mature after meiosis I. In teratomas, futile activation of developmental programs leads to the formation of differentiated structures within the tumor. We report that older uterine tumors express markers of later embryogenesis, consistent with teratoma-like activation of developmental programs. We also present evidence of coupling of distal gonad atrophy to oocyte hypertrophy. This study shows how the Williams Blagosklonny model can provide a mechanistic explanation of this component of C. elegans aging. It also suggests etiological similarity between teratoma and some forms of senescent pathology, insofar as both are caused by quasi-programs.
期刊介绍:
npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease is an online open access journal that provides a forum for the world’s most important research in the fields of aging and aging-related disease. The journal publishes papers from all relevant disciplines, encouraging those that shed light on the mechanisms behind aging and the associated diseases. The journal’s scope includes, but is not restricted to, the following areas (not listed in order of preference): • cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and aging-related diseases • interventions to affect the process of aging and longevity • homeostatic regulation and aging • age-associated complications • translational research into prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases • mechanistic bases for epidemiological aspects of aging-related disease.