Animal Models for the Study of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Respiratory Disease and Pathology.

IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Jacob A Dillard, Sabian A Martinez, Justin J Dearing, Stephanie A Montgomery, Victoria K Baxter
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Emergence of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a historic pandemic, with millions of deaths worldwide. An unprecedented effort has been made by the medical, scientific, and public health communities to rapidly develop and implement vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and reduce hospitalizations and deaths. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to disease in many organ systems, the respiratory system is its main target, with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome as the hallmark features of severe disease. The large number of patients who have contracted COVID-19 infections since 2019 has permitted a detailed characterization of the clinical and pathologic features of the disease in humans. However, continued progress in the development of effective preventatives and therapies requires a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of infection. Studies using animal models are necessary to complement in vitro findings and human clinical data. Multiple animal species have been evaluated as potential models for studying the respiratory disease caused by SARSCoV-2 infection. Knowing the similarities and differences between animal and human responses to infection is critical for effective translation of animal data into human medicine. This review provides a detailed summary of the respiratory disease and associated pathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and compares them with the disease that develops in 3 commonly used models: NHP, hamsters, and mice. The effective use of animals to study SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory disease will enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, allow the development of novel preventatives and therapeutics, and aid in the preparation for the next emerging virus with pandemic potential.

sars - cov -2诱导呼吸道疾病的动物模型及病理研究
冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的出现导致了一场历史性的大流行,全世界有数百万人死亡。医学界、科学界和公共卫生界做出了前所未有的努力,迅速开发和实施疫苗和治疗方法,以预防和减少住院和死亡。尽管SARS-CoV-2感染可导致许多器官系统疾病,但呼吸系统是其主要目标,肺炎和急性呼吸窘迫综合征是严重疾病的标志性特征。自2019年以来,大量患者感染了COVID-19,这使得人们能够详细描述该疾病在人类中的临床和病理特征。然而,有效预防和治疗方法的持续发展需要对感染的发病机制有更深入的了解。使用动物模型的研究是必要的,以补充体外研究结果和人类临床数据。多种动物物种已被评估为研究SARSCoV-2感染引起的呼吸道疾病的潜在模型。了解动物和人类对感染反应的异同对于将动物数据有效地转化为人类医学至关重要。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2感染引起的人类呼吸道疾病和相关病理,并将其与NHP、仓鼠和小鼠这3种常用模型中发生的疾病进行了比较。有效地利用动物研究SARS-CoV-2诱导的呼吸道疾病将增强我们对SARS-CoV-2发病机制的理解,有助于开发新的预防和治疗方法,并有助于为下一个具有大流行潜力的新出现的病毒做好准备。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Comparative medicine
Comparative medicine 医学-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
71
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comparative Medicine (CM), an international journal of comparative and experimental medicine, is the leading English-language publication in the field and is ranked by the Science Citation Index in the upper third of all scientific journals. The mission of CM is to disseminate high-quality, peer-reviewed information that expands biomedical knowledge and promotes human and animal health through the study of laboratory animal disease, animal models of disease, and basic biologic mechanisms related to disease in people and animals.
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