[Tardive dyskinesia].

Abstract

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a delayed, often irreversible iatrogenic movement disorder caused by long-term use of that dopamine receptors blocking drugs. Prevention of TD is paramount, and clinicians should follow best practice recommendations for prescribing antipsychotics, as well as reduction the using of dopamine receptor blocking drugs for non-psychiatric prescriptions. Replacement of antipsychotics with lower affinity for D2 receptors drugs, addition of VMAT2 (tetrabenazine), botulinum therapy, amantadine may be effective. In detection and incurable cases, the possibility of neuromodulation of brain structures should be considered. Most methods for testing TD currently have an insufficient level of evidence, although they include recommendations from professional communities. There is a great need for new clinical trials.