The protective effect of educational level varies as a function of the difficulty of the memory task in ageing.

IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 GERONTOLOGY
Aurélien Frick, Helen R Wright, Séverine Fay, Sandrine Vanneste, Lucie Angel, Badiâa Bouazzaoui, Laurence Taconnat
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the effects of age and educational level on recall performance and organisational strategies used during recall as a function of the level of memory task difficulty. Younger (n = 55, age range = 20-39 years) and older (n = 45, age range = 65-75 years) adults learned a word list where the words were either already semantically grouped (easier) or presented in pseudo-random order (harder), and then recalled the words. The number of words recalled was calculated, and an index of clustering was computed to assess organisational strategies. Older adults recalled less words than the younger ones. Older adults with a higher educational level recalled more words than their counterparts with a lower educational level when the memory task was easier, but they all performed similarly on the harder memory task. Moreover, we noted a strong positive association between educational level and semantic organisation in older adults when the memory task was easier. Regardless of educational level, older adults used semantic organisation as much as younger adults when the memory task was easier. However, when the memory task was harder, older adults showed significantly less organisational strategies than younger adults, the latter using semantic organisation to boost their recall performance. In sum, the protective effect of educational level seems to be restricted on recall performance, but not organisational strategies, in easy memory tasks providing sufficient external information about the most efficient mnemonic strategy to use.

受教育程度的保护作用随衰老过程中记忆任务难度的变化而变化。
本研究旨在探讨年龄和教育水平对记忆任务难度水平对记忆表现和记忆过程中组织策略的影响。年轻人(n = 55,年龄范围= 20-39岁)和老年人(n = 45,年龄范围= 65-75岁)学习了一个单词列表,其中的单词要么已经在语义上分组(更容易),要么以伪随机顺序呈现(更难),然后回忆这些单词。计算了回忆的单词数量,并计算了聚类指数来评估组织策略。老年人回忆起的单词比年轻人少。在比较简单的记忆任务中,受教育程度较高的老年人比受教育程度较低的老年人回忆起更多的单词,但在比较困难的记忆任务中,他们的表现都差不多。此外,我们注意到,当记忆任务更容易时,老年人的教育水平和语义组织之间存在强烈的正相关。无论受教育程度如何,当记忆任务更容易时,老年人使用语义组织的次数与年轻人一样多。然而,当记忆任务较困难时,老年人表现出的组织策略明显少于年轻人,后者使用语义组织来提高他们的回忆表现。综上所述,在简单记忆任务中,教育水平的保护作用似乎仅限于回忆表现,而不是组织策略,提供了关于最有效记忆策略的足够外部信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
7.90%
发文量
72
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Ageing: Social, Behavioural and Health Perspectives is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the understanding of ageing in European societies and the world over. EJA publishes original articles on the social, behavioral and population health aspects of ageing and encourages an integrated approach between these aspects. Emphasis is put on publishing empirical research (including meta-analyses), but conceptual papers (including narrative reviews) and methodological contributions will also be considered. EJA welcomes expert opinions on critical issues in ageing. By stimulating communication between researchers and those using research findings, it aims to contribute to the formulation of better policies and the development of better practice in serving older adults. To further specify, with the term ''social'' is meant the full scope of social science of ageing related research from the micro to the macro level of analysis. With the term ''behavioural'' the full scope of psychological ageing research including life span approaches based on a range of age groups from young to old is envisaged. The term ''population health-related'' denotes social-epidemiological and public health oriented research including research on functional health in the widest possible sense.
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