Timeless spaces: Field experiments in the physiological study of circadian rhythms, 1938-1963.

IF 1.6 3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Kristin D Hussey
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Abstract

In the middle of the twentieth century, physiologists interested in human biological rhythms undertook a series of field experiments in natural spaces that they believed could closely approximate conditions of biological timelessness. With the field of rhythms research was still largely on the fringes of the life sciences, natural spaces seemed to offer unique research opportunities beyond what was available to physiologists in laboratory spaces. In particular, subterranean caves and the High Arctic became archetypal 'natural laboratories' for the study of human circadian (daily) rhythms. This paper is explores the field experiments which occurred in these 'timeless spaces'. It considers how scientists understood these natural spaces as suitably 'timeless' for studying circadian rhythms and what their experimental practices can tell us about contemporary physiological notions of biological time, especially its relationship to 'environmentality' (Formosinho et al. in Stud History Philos Sci 91:148-158, 2022). In so doing, this paper adds to a growing literature on the interrelationship of field sites by demonstrating the ways that caves and the Arctic were connected by rhythms scientists. Finally, it will explore how the use of these particular spaces were not just scientific but also political - leveraging growing Cold War anxieties about nuclear fallout and the space race to bring greater prestige and funding to the study of circadian rhythms in its early years.

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Abstract Image

永恒的空间:昼夜节律生理研究的现场实验,1938-1963。
在20世纪中叶,对人类生物节律感兴趣的生理学家在自然空间进行了一系列实地实验,他们认为这些实验可以接近生物永恒的条件。由于节律研究领域在很大程度上仍处于生命科学的边缘,自然空间似乎提供了生理学家在实验室空间中无法获得的独特研究机会。特别是,地下洞穴和北极高地成为研究人类昼夜节律的典型“自然实验室”。本文探讨的是发生在这些“永恒空间”中的现场实验。它考虑了科学家如何将这些自然空间理解为适合研究昼夜节律的“永恒”空间,以及他们的实验实践可以告诉我们关于生物时间的当代生理概念,特别是它与“环境”的关系(Formosinho等人在Stud History Philos Sci 91:148-158, 2022)。通过这样做,这篇论文通过展示洞穴和北极被节律科学家联系起来的方式,为越来越多的关于野外遗址相互关系的文献增添了新的内容。最后,它将探讨这些特殊空间的使用如何不仅是科学的,而且是政治的——利用对核沉降物和太空竞赛日益增长的冷战焦虑,为早期的昼夜节律研究带来更大的声望和资金。
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来源期刊
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
5.00%
发文量
58
期刊介绍: History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences is an interdisciplinary journal committed to providing an integrative approach to understanding the life sciences. It welcomes submissions from historians, philosophers, biologists, physicians, ethicists and scholars in the social studies of science. Contributors are expected to offer broad and interdisciplinary perspectives on the development of biology, biomedicine and related fields, especially as these perspectives illuminate the foundations, development, and/or implications of scientific practices and related developments. Submissions which are collaborative and feature different disciplinary approaches are especially encouraged, as are submissions written by senior and junior scholars (including graduate students).
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