Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA in the Kidney.

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Sekyung Oh, Chang M Lee, Sang-H Kwon
{"title":"Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA in the Kidney.","authors":"Sekyung Oh, Chang M Lee, Sang-H Kwon","doi":"10.1002/cphy.c220023","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most cells in our body release membrane-bound, nano-sized particles into the extracellular milieu through cellular metabolic processes. Various types of macromolecules, reflecting the physiological and pathological status of the producing cells, are packaged into such so-called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can travel over a distance to target cells, thereby transmitting donor cell information. The short, noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) called microRNA (miRNA) takes a crucial part in EV-resident macromolecules. Notably, EVs transferring miRNAs can induce alterations in the gene expression profiles of the recipient cells, through genetically instructed, base-pairing interaction between the miRNAs and their target cell messenger RNAs (mRNAs), resulting in either nucleolytic decay or translational halt of the engaged mRNAs. As in other body fluids, EVs released in urine, termed urinary EVs (uEVs), carry specific sets of miRNA molecules, which indicate either normal or diseased states of the kidney, the principal source of uEVs. Studies have therefore been directed to elucidate the contents and biological roles of miRNAs in uEVs and moreover to utilize the gene regulatory properties of miRNA cargos in ameliorating kidney diseases through their delivery via engineered EVs. We here review the fundamental principles of the biology of EVs and miRNA as well as our current understanding of the biological roles and applications of EV-loaded miRNAs in the kidney. We further discuss the limitations of contemporary research approaches, suggesting future directions to overcome the difficulties to advance both the basic biological understanding of miRNAs in EVs and their clinical applications in treating kidney diseases. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4833-4850, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":10573,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Physiology","volume":"13 3","pages":"4833-4850"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514415/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Comprehensive Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c220023","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Most cells in our body release membrane-bound, nano-sized particles into the extracellular milieu through cellular metabolic processes. Various types of macromolecules, reflecting the physiological and pathological status of the producing cells, are packaged into such so-called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can travel over a distance to target cells, thereby transmitting donor cell information. The short, noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) called microRNA (miRNA) takes a crucial part in EV-resident macromolecules. Notably, EVs transferring miRNAs can induce alterations in the gene expression profiles of the recipient cells, through genetically instructed, base-pairing interaction between the miRNAs and their target cell messenger RNAs (mRNAs), resulting in either nucleolytic decay or translational halt of the engaged mRNAs. As in other body fluids, EVs released in urine, termed urinary EVs (uEVs), carry specific sets of miRNA molecules, which indicate either normal or diseased states of the kidney, the principal source of uEVs. Studies have therefore been directed to elucidate the contents and biological roles of miRNAs in uEVs and moreover to utilize the gene regulatory properties of miRNA cargos in ameliorating kidney diseases through their delivery via engineered EVs. We here review the fundamental principles of the biology of EVs and miRNA as well as our current understanding of the biological roles and applications of EV-loaded miRNAs in the kidney. We further discuss the limitations of contemporary research approaches, suggesting future directions to overcome the difficulties to advance both the basic biological understanding of miRNAs in EVs and their clinical applications in treating kidney diseases. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4833-4850, 2023.

肾脏中的细胞外囊泡 MicroRNA
人体内的大多数细胞都会通过细胞代谢过程向细胞外环境释放与膜结合的纳米级微粒。反映生产细胞生理和病理状态的各类大分子被包装进这种所谓的细胞外囊泡 (EV),这些囊泡可以远距离到达靶细胞,从而传递供体细胞的信息。被称为微小核糖核酸(miRNA)的短小非编码核糖核酸(RNA)在EV驻留大分子中起着至关重要的作用。值得注意的是,转移了 miRNA 的 EV 可通过 miRNA 与靶细胞信使 RNA(mRNA)之间的基因指示、碱基配对相互作用,诱导改变受体细胞的基因表达谱,从而导致参与的 mRNA 核溶解衰变或翻译停止。与其他体液一样,尿液中释放的 EVs(称为尿 EVs(uEVs))也携带特定的 miRNA 分子集,这些 miRNA 表明肾脏(uEVs 的主要来源)处于正常或患病状态。因此,研究的方向是阐明uEVs中miRNA的内容和生物学作用,以及利用miRNA载体的基因调控特性,通过工程化EVs递送来改善肾脏疾病。我们在此回顾了 EVs 和 miRNA 生物学的基本原理,以及我们目前对 EV 载体 miRNA 在肾脏中的生物学作用和应用的理解。我们进一步讨论了当代研究方法的局限性,提出了克服困难的未来方向,以推进对 EV 中 miRNA 的基础生物学理解及其在治疗肾脏疾病中的临床应用。© 2023 美国生理学会。Compr Physiol 13:4833-4850, 2023.
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comprehensive Physiology is the most authoritative and comprehensive collection of physiology information ever assembled, and uses the most powerful features of review journals and electronic reference works to cover the latest key developments in the field, through the most authoritative articles on the subjects covered. This makes Comprehensive Physiology a valued reference work on the evolving science of physiology for both researchers and clinicians. It also provides a useful teaching tool for instructors and an informative resource for medical students and other students in the life and health sciences.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信