First episode psychosis and weight gain a longitudinal perspective in Cheshire UK: a comparison between individuals with nonaffective versus affective psychosis.

Abstract

Early weight gain following initiation of antipsychotic treatment predicts longer-term weight gain, with attendant long-term consequences including premature cardiovascular events/death. An important question is whether there is a difference in weight change over time between people with affective versus nonaffective psychosis. Here we describe the results of a real-world analysis of the BMI change in the months postdiagnosis with affective versus nonaffective psychosis.

Methods: We undertook an anonymised search across one Primary Care Network in Cheshire, UK with a total population of 32 301 individuals. We reviewed the health records of anyone who had been diagnosed over a 10-year period between June 2012 and June 2022 for the first time with first episode nonaffective psychosis versus psychosis associated with depression or bipolar affective disorder (affective psychosis).

Results: The overall % change in BMI was +8% in nonaffective psychosis individuals and +4% in those with a diagnosis of affective psychosis - however, the distribution was markedly skewed for nonaffective psychosis patients. Using caseness as >30% increase in BMI; affective = 4% cases and nonaffective = 13% cases, there was a three-fold difference in terms of increase in BMI. In regression analysis, the r² linking the initial BMI to % change in BMI was 0.13 for nonaffective psychosis and 0.14 for affective psychosis.

Conclusion: The differences observed here in the distribution of weight change over time between individuals with affective versus nonaffective psychosis may relate to underlying constitutional differences. The phenotypic and genetic factors underlying this difference remain to be defined.