Risk, race, and predictive policing: A critical race theory analysis of the strategic subject list

IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Andrea L. DaViera, Marbella Uriostegui, Aaron Gottlieb, Ogechi (Cynthia) Onyeka
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Abstract

Predictive policing is a tool used increasingly by police departments that may exacerbate entrenched racial/ethnic disparities in the Prison Industrial Complex (PIC). Using a Critical Race Theory framework, we analyzed arrest data from a predictive policing program, the Strategic Subject List (SSL), and questioned how the SSL risk score (i.e., calculated risk for gun violence perpetration or victimization) predicts the arrested individual's race/ethnicity while accounting for local spatial conditions, including poverty and racial composition. Using multinomial logistic regression with community area fixed effects, results indicate that the risk score predicts the race/ethnicity of the arrested person while accounting for spatial context. As such, despite claims of scientific objectivity, we provide empirical evidence that the algorithmically-derived risk variable is racially biased. We discuss our study in the context of how the SSL reinforces a pseudoscientific justification of the PIC and call for the abolition of these tools broadly.

Abstract Image

风险、种族和预测性警务:对战略主题清单的批判性种族理论分析。
警察部门越来越多地使用预测性警务这一工具,它可能会加剧监狱工业综合体(PIC)中根深蒂固的种族/民族差异。我们采用批判种族理论框架,分析了一项预测性警务计划--战略目标清单(SSL)--中的逮捕数据,并质疑 SSL 风险评分(即计算出的枪支暴力犯罪或受害风险)如何预测被捕者的种族/族裔,同时考虑当地的空间条件,包括贫困和种族构成。使用带有社区地区固定效应的多叉逻辑回归,结果表明风险得分可以预测被捕者的种族/族裔,同时考虑到空间环境。因此,尽管我们声称研究具有科学客观性,但我们提供的经验证据表明,通过算法得出的风险变量存在种族偏见。我们结合 SSL 如何强化了人犯信息中心的伪科学理由来讨论我们的研究,并呼吁广泛废除这些工具。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.70%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Community Psychology publishes original quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research; theoretical papers; empirical reviews; reports of innovative community programs or policies; and first person accounts of stakeholders involved in research, programs, or policy. The journal encourages submissions of innovative multi-level research and interventions, and encourages international submissions. The journal also encourages the submission of manuscripts concerned with underrepresented populations and issues of human diversity. The American Journal of Community Psychology publishes research, theory, and descriptions of innovative interventions on a wide range of topics, including, but not limited to: individual, family, peer, and community mental health, physical health, and substance use; risk and protective factors for health and well being; educational, legal, and work environment processes, policies, and opportunities; social ecological approaches, including the interplay of individual family, peer, institutional, neighborhood, and community processes; social welfare, social justice, and human rights; social problems and social change; program, system, and policy evaluations; and, understanding people within their social, cultural, economic, geographic, and historical contexts.
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