Plague mitigation for prairie dog and black-footed ferret conservation: Degree and duration of flea control with 0.005% fipronil grain bait

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY
David A. Eads , Travis M. Livieri , Phillip Dobesh , John P. Hughes , Jason Fly , Holly Redmond , Eddie Childers , Matthew S. Schwarz , Dean E. Biggins
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Abstract

Sylvatic plague, a primarily flea-borne zoonosis, is a significant threat to prairie dogs (Cynomys spp., PDs) and their specialized predators, endangered black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes, BFFs). Host-fed fipronil baits have proven effective in controlling fleas on PDs for the purposes of plague mitigation and BFF conservation. Currently, annual treatments are the norm. We tested the long-term efficacy of fipronil bait treatments with black-tailed PDs (C. ludovicianus, BTPDs) and BFFs in South Dakota, USA. During 2018–2020, we provided BTPDs on 21 sites with grain bait formula, laced with 0.005% fipronil (50 ​mg/kg); 18 non-treated sites functioned as baselines. In 2020–2022, we live-trapped, anesthetized, and combed BTPDs for fleas. Flea control was significant for at least 639–885 days. Flea abundance on the treated sites was < 0.5 fleas/BTPD for ∼750 days. During 2020–2022, we sampled BFFs for fleas on 4 BTPD colonies treated with fipronil grain bait and 8 non-treated colonies. Flea control was significant with BFFs, but flea abundance began to rebound within ∼240 days post-treatment. When feasible, the combination of insecticide treatments, such as fipronil baits, and BFF vaccination against plague provide a “two-pronged” protection approach for these endangered carnivores. If fipronil bait treatments are less effective with predatory BFFs than PDs, as found herein, the “two-pronged” approach might be used to protect BFFs and biennial fipronil bait treatments might be used to protect PDs. If BFF vaccination is not possible, or few BFFs can be vaccinated, annual fipronil bait treatments might be used as a precaution to protect BFFs. Flea densities might be surveyed to determine when/where more frequent treatments seem useful.

Abstract Image

减少草原土拨鼠和黑足雪貂的鼠疫保护:0.005%氟虫腈谷物诱饵控制跳蚤的程度和持续时间
Sylvatic瘟疫是一种主要由跳蚤传播的人畜共患疾病,对草原犬(Cynomys spp.,PD)及其专门捕食者、濒危黑足雪貂(Mustela nigripes,BFF)构成重大威胁。宿主饲养的氟虫腈诱饵已被证明能有效控制PD上的跳蚤,以缓解瘟疫和保护BFF。目前,每年治疗是常态。我们在美国南达科他州用黑尾PD(C.ludovicianus,BTPD)和BFF测试了氟虫腈诱饵处理的长期疗效。在2018-2020年期间,我们在21个地点提供了含有0.005%氟虫腈(50​mg/kg);18个未经处理的地点作为基线。在2020-2022年,我们生活在被困、麻醉和梳理BTPD的跳蚤中。跳蚤控制在至少639–885天内是显著的。处理部位的跳蚤丰度<;0.5只跳蚤/BTPD,持续约750天。在2020-2022年期间,我们对4个用氟虫腈颗粒诱饵处理的BTPD菌落和8个未处理的菌落的跳蚤BFF进行了采样。BFF对跳蚤的控制非常显著,但跳蚤数量在治疗后约240天内开始反弹。在可行的情况下,杀虫剂处理(如氟虫腈诱饵)和BFF鼠疫疫苗接种相结合,为这些濒危食肉动物提供了“双管齐下”的保护方法。如本文所述,如果氟虫腈诱饵处理对捕食性BFF的效果不如对PDs的效果,则可以使用“双管齐下”的方法来保护BFF,两年一次的氟虫腈饵处理可以用于保护PDs。如果无法接种BFF疫苗,或者可以接种的BFF很少,则可以使用每年一次的氟虫腈诱饵治疗作为保护BFF的预防措施。可以调查跳蚤密度,以确定何时/何地更频繁的治疗似乎有用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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