Recent Advances in Imported Malaria Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management.

IF 1.4 Q3 EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1007/s40138-023-00264-5

Anastasia S Weiland

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Purpose of review: Malaria is an important human parasitic disease affecting the population of tropical, subtropical regions as well as travelers to these areas.The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians practicing in non-endemic areas with a comprehensive overview of the recent data on microbiologic and pathophysiologic features of five Plasmodium parasites, clinical presentation of uncomplicated and severe cases, modern diagnostic methods, and treatment of malaria.

Recent findings: Employment of robust surveillance programs, rapid diagnostic tests, highly active artemisinin-based therapy, and the first malaria vaccine have led to decline in malaria incidence; however, emerging drug resistance, disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and other socio-economic factors have stalled the progress.

Summary: Clinicians practicing in non-endemic areas such as the United States should consider a diagnosis of malaria in returning travelers presenting with fever, utilize rapid diagnostic tests if available at their practice locations in addition to microscopy, and timely initiate guideline-directed management as delays in treatment can lead to poor clinical outcomes.

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输入性疟疾发病机制、诊断和管理的最新进展。

综述目的:疟疾是一种重要的人类寄生虫病，影响热带、亚热带地区的人口以及前往这些地区的旅行者。本文的目的是为在非流行地区执业的临床医生提供五种疟原虫的微生物学和病理生理特征，简单和严重病例的临床表现，现代诊断方法和治疗疟疾的最新数据的全面概述。最近的发现:采用强有力的监测规划、快速诊断测试、高活性青蒿素疗法和第一种疟疾疫苗，导致疟疾发病率下降;然而，新出现的耐药性、COVID-19大流行造成的破坏以及其他社会经济因素阻碍了这一进展。总结:在美国等非流行地区执业的临床医生应考虑对出现发烧的回国旅行者进行疟疾诊断，在执业地点使用除显微镜检查外的快速诊断测试，并及时启动指导方针管理，因为治疗延误可能导致临床结果不佳。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports EMERGENCY MEDICINE-

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期刊介绍： This journal aims to offer expert review articles on the most significant recent developments in emergency and hospital medicine, with particular emphasis on the transition of patient care from the emergency department to the hospitalist service. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions, the journal intends to serve 1) those who provide immediate medical attention to patients with acute injuries or conditions in emergency departments and emergency medical service settings, and 2) hospitalists who deliver comprehensive medical care in collaboration with physicians and other health care personnel responsible for hospitalized patients. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An Editorial Board of more than 20 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, ensures that topics include emerging research, and suggests topics of special importance to their country/region. Topics covered may include acute coronary syndrome; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; community-acquired infections; diabetes and metabolic disease; heart failure; hospital-acquired infections; pharmacology of acute care; shared practice and economic issues; and thrombosis.