Glucuronoyl esterases - enzymes to decouple lignin and carbohydrates and enable better utilization of renewable plant biomass.

IF 5.6 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Johan Larsbrink, Leila Lo Leggio
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Glucuronoyl esterases (GEs) are microbial enzymes able to cleave covalent linkages between lignin and carbohydrates in the plant cell wall. GEs are serine hydrolases found in carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15), which belongs to the large α/β hydrolase superfamily. GEs have been shown to reduce plant cell wall recalcitrance by hydrolysing the ester bonds found between glucuronic acid moieties on xylan polysaccharides and lignin. In recent years, the exploration of CE15 has broadened significantly and focused more on bacterial enzymes, which are more diverse in terms of sequence and structure to their fungal counterparts. Similar to fungal GEs, the bacterial enzymes are able to improve overall biomass deconstruction but also appear to have less strict substrate preferences for the uronic acid moiety. The structures of bacterial GEs reveal that they often have large inserts close to the active site, with implications for more extensive substrate interactions than the fungal GEs which have more open active sites. In this review, we highlight the recent work on GEs which has predominantly regarded bacterial enzymes, and discuss similarities and differences between bacterial and fungal enzymes in terms of the biochemical properties, diversity in sequence and modularity, and structural variations that have been discovered thus far in CE15.

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葡萄糖醛酸酯酶-将木质素和碳水化合物解耦并使可再生植物生物量得到更好利用的酶。
葡萄糖醛酸酯酶(GEs)是一种微生物酶,能够在植物细胞壁中切割木质素和碳水化合物之间的共价键。GEs是存在于碳水化合物酯酶家族15 (CE15)中的丝氨酸水解酶,属于α/β水解酶超家族。GEs已被证明可以通过水解木聚糖多糖和木质素上的葡萄糖醛酸部分之间的酯键来降低植物细胞壁的抗性。近年来,对CE15的探索范围明显扩大,并且更多地集中在细菌酶上,这些细菌酶在序列和结构上比真菌酶更多样化。与真菌GEs类似,细菌酶能够改善整体生物量的分解,但对醛酸部分的底物偏好似乎也不那么严格。细菌GEs的结构表明,它们通常在活性位点附近有较大的插入物,这意味着与具有更开放活性位点的真菌GEs相比,它们可以进行更广泛的底物相互作用。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了近年来以细菌酶为主的GEs研究工作,并讨论了迄今为止在CE15中发现的细菌酶和真菌酶在生化特性、序列和模块化多样性以及结构变化方面的异同。
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来源期刊
Essays in biochemistry
Essays in biochemistry 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
105
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Essays in Biochemistry publishes short, digestible reviews from experts highlighting recent key topics in biochemistry and the molecular biosciences. Written to be accessible for those not yet immersed in the subject, each article is an up-to-date, self-contained summary of the topic. Bridging the gap between the latest research and established textbooks, Essays in Biochemistry will tell you what you need to know to begin exploring the field, as each article includes the top take-home messages as summary points. Each issue of the journal is guest edited by a key opinion leader in the area, and whether you are continuing your studies or moving into a new research area, the Journal gives a complete picture in one place. Essays in Biochemistry is proud to publish Understanding Biochemistry, an essential online resource for post-16 students, teachers and undergraduates. Providing up-to-date overviews of key concepts in biochemistry and the molecular biosciences, the Understanding Biochemistry issues of Essays in Biochemistry are published annually in October.
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