Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma From Primary Hypopharynx Source to Gastric Mucosa Presenting as Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Abstract

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a relatively safe procedure that represents an important supportive adjunctive component for patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The HNSCC population is considered a high-risk group for developing critical nutritional deficiency due to a multitude of factors. Nevertheless, as the use of PEG in modern practice is gaining more popularity due to various indications, unusual complications have been increasingly reported. PEG site metastasis from primary HNSCC has emerged as a rare, yet serious oncological phenomenon that warrants careful consideration. The authors report an unusual case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the hypopharynx that metastasized to the gastric body mucosa through a PEG site. The metastatic SCC presented as massive gastrointestinal bleeding, and esophagogastroscopy revealed an ulcerated mass in the gastric body masquerading as a primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination confirmed metastatic SCC which concurred with the patient's primary hypopharyngeal SCC. The review of the updated literature revealed that a total of 121 cases of this rare oncological entity have been reported to date. Physicians need to be vigilant of the symptoms of PEG site metastasis to accurately diagnose and manage the care of this rare occurrence as it is associated with poor prognosis.