Offence type and neurodiversity: A comparison of 12-17-year-old boys charged with a criminal offence by diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or both

IF 1.1 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI:10.1002/cbm.2267

Alexa X. Rutten, Maaike Kempes, Ilja L. Bongers, Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren, Chijs van Nieuwenhuizen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been evidenced as common among adolescents with delinquent behaviour. Less is known, however, about the relationship between these disorders and type of alleged offence, when the adolescent is involved with the criminal justice system.

Aim

Our aim was to investigate whether the type of alleged index offences among 12–17-year-olds differ between those diagnosed with ASD, ADHD or ASD + ADHD.

Method

The sample was selected for ASD and/or ADHD diagnoses from a database of all pre-trial forensic psychiatric and psychological assessments of male adolescents of 12–17 years old in the Netherlands for the years 2013 and 2014. For each record, independent researchers scored a 76-item checklist encompassing health and offending characteristics. Sixty-nine of the 1799 pre-trial assessments of these male adolescents had a diagnosis of ASD, 90 of ADHD and 29 had been diagnosed with both; these 188 cases formed our sample.

Results

The rate of sex offences was significantly higher among those with ASD (N = 20, 29%) than those with ADHD (N = 10, 11%) or both (N = 4, 14%; Fisher's exact test = 8.54; p = 0.014). By contrast, the rate of property offences without violence was significantly higher among those with ADHD (N = 22, 24%) than those with ASD (N = 4, 6%) or both (N = 5, 17%; Fisher's exact test = 10.50, p = 0.004), whereas violent offending rates did not differ between the three groups.

Conclusion

Specific offence types were not equally distributed among male adolescents with different psychiatric diagnoses. In our sample of male adolescents suspected of an offence nearly one-third of those diagnosed with ASD were convicted of a sex offence, suggesting highly specialised needs for further assessment and intervention. Among those diagnosed with ADHD, significantly more adolescents were charged with non-violent property offences. Such unequal distribution of alleged offence types among adolescents with different psychiatric diagnoses justifies tailor-made attention for offending adolescents with different psychiatric diagnoses.

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犯罪类型和神经多样性:12-17岁被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍或两者兼而有之的刑事犯罪的男孩的比较

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)和注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)在青少年犯罪行为中很常见。然而，当青少年被卷入刑事司法系统时，人们对这些障碍与所指控的犯罪类型之间的关系知之甚少。我们的目的是调查在12 - 17岁的青少年中，被诊断为ASD、ADHD或ASD + ADHD的青少年中，所谓的指数犯罪的类型是否有所不同。方法从2013年和2014年荷兰所有12-17岁男性青少年审前法医精神病学和心理评估数据库中选择诊断为ASD和/或ADHD的样本。对于每一项记录，独立研究人员对包含健康和犯罪特征的76项清单进行了评分。在对这些男性青少年进行的1799次试验前评估中，69人被诊断为ASD, 90人被诊断为ADHD, 29人被诊断为两者兼有;这188个案例构成了我们的样本。结果ASD组性犯罪发生率(N = 20, 29%)明显高于ADHD组(N = 10, 11%)或两者均高于ADHD组(N = 4, 14%);费雪精确检验= 8.54;p = 0.014)。相比之下，ADHD患者(N = 22.24%)的无暴力财产犯罪率显著高于ASD患者(N = 4.6%)或两者兼而有之(N = 5.17%;Fisher的精确检验= 10.50,p = 0.004)，而暴力犯罪率在三组之间没有差异。结论不同精神病诊断的男性青少年具体犯罪类型分布不均匀。在我们调查的涉嫌犯罪的男性青少年样本中，近三分之一被诊断为ASD的人被判有性犯罪，这表明需要进一步的评估和干预。在被诊断患有多动症的青少年中，被指控犯有非暴力财产犯罪的青少年明显更多。在患有不同精神病诊断的青少年中，指控的犯罪类型分布不均，因此有理由对患有不同精神病诊断的犯罪青少年进行量身定制的关注。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Multiple-

CiteScore

1.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health – CBMH – aims to publish original material on any aspect of the relationship between mental state and criminal behaviour. Thus, we are interested in mental mechanisms associated with offending, regardless of whether the individual concerned has a mental disorder or not. We are interested in factors that influence such relationships, and particularly welcome studies about pathways into and out of crime. These will include studies of normal and abnormal development, of mental disorder and how that may lead to offending for a subgroup of sufferers, together with information about factors which mediate such a relationship.