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{"title":"Physiology of the Wildland Firefighter: Managing Extreme Energy Demands in Hostile, Smoky, Mountainous Environments.","authors":"Brent C Ruby, Robert H Coker, Joe Sol, John Quindry, Scott J Montain","doi":"10.1002/cphy.c220016","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) are inserted as the front-line defense to minimize loss of natural resources, property, and human life when fires erupt in forested regions of the world. The WLFF occupation is physically demanding as exemplified by total daily energy expenditures that can exceed 25 MJ/day (6000 calories). WLFFs must also cope with complex physical and environmental situations (i.e., heat, altitude, smoke, compromised sleep, elevated stress) which challenge thermoregulatory responses, impair recovery, and increase short- and long-term injury/health risks while presenting logistical obstacles to nutrient and fluid replenishment. The occupation also imposes emotional strain on both the firefighter and their families. The long-term implications of wildfire management and suppression on the physical and mental health of WLFFs are significant, as the frequency and intensity of wildland fire outbreaks as well as the duration of the fire season is lengthening and expected to continue to expand over the next three decades. This article details the physical demands and emerging health concerns facing WLFFs, in addition to the challenges that the U.S. Forest Service and other international agencies must address to protect the health and performance of WLFFs and their ability to endure the strain of an increasingly dangerous work environment. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4587-4615, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":10573,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Physiology","volume":"13 2","pages":"4587-4615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Comprehensive Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c220016","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) are inserted as the front-line defense to minimize loss of natural resources, property, and human life when fires erupt in forested regions of the world. The WLFF occupation is physically demanding as exemplified by total daily energy expenditures that can exceed 25 MJ/day (6000 calories). WLFFs must also cope with complex physical and environmental situations (i.e., heat, altitude, smoke, compromised sleep, elevated stress) which challenge thermoregulatory responses, impair recovery, and increase short- and long-term injury/health risks while presenting logistical obstacles to nutrient and fluid replenishment. The occupation also imposes emotional strain on both the firefighter and their families. The long-term implications of wildfire management and suppression on the physical and mental health of WLFFs are significant, as the frequency and intensity of wildland fire outbreaks as well as the duration of the fire season is lengthening and expected to continue to expand over the next three decades. This article details the physical demands and emerging health concerns facing WLFFs, in addition to the challenges that the U.S. Forest Service and other international agencies must address to protect the health and performance of WLFFs and their ability to endure the strain of an increasingly dangerous work environment. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4587-4615, 2023.
野外消防员的生理学:在恶劣的、烟雾弥漫的、多山的环境中管理极端的能量需求。
当世界上的森林地区发生火灾时,野地消防员(WLFFs)被作为第一线防御,以尽量减少自然资源、财产和生命的损失。WLFF职业对身体的要求很高,每天的总能量消耗可能超过25兆焦耳/天(6000卡路里)。wlff还必须应对复杂的物理和环境情况(即高温、高海拔、烟雾、睡眠不足、压力升高),这些情况挑战体温调节反应,损害恢复,增加短期和长期伤害/健康风险,同时给营养和液体补充带来后勤障碍。这个职业也给消防员和他们的家人带来了情感上的压力。由于野火爆发的频率和强度以及火灾季节的持续时间正在延长,并且预计在未来三十年将继续扩大,因此野火管理和扑灭对森林消防员身心健康的长期影响是重大的。本文详细介绍了森林森林消防员所面临的身体需求和新出现的健康问题,以及美国林务局和其他国际机构必须解决的挑战,以保护森林森林消防员的健康和表现,以及他们承受日益危险的工作环境压力的能力。©2023美国生理学会。物理学报(自然科学版),2023。
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