Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects.

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Genetics research Pub Date : 2023-03-11 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2023/8822205

Hayder A Giha, Rabab A Abdulwahab, Jaafar Abbas, Zakia Shinwari, Ayodele Alaiya

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Abstract

Background: Sex and gender have a large impact in human health and disease prediction. According to genomic/genetics, men differ from women by a limited number of genes in Y chromosome, while the phenotypes of the 2 sexes differ markedly.

Methods: In this study, serum samples from six healthy Bahraini men and women were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatics databases and tools were used for protein/peptide (PPs) identification and gene localization. The PPs that differed significantly (p < 0.05, ANOVA) in abundance with a fold change (FC) of ≥1.5 were identified.

Results: Revealed 20 PPs, 11 were upregulated in women with very high FC (up to 8 folds), and 9 were upregulated in men but with much lower FC. The PPs are encoded by genes located in autosomal chromosomes, indicative of sex-biased gene expression. The only PP related to sex, the sex hormone-binding globulin, was upregulated in women. The remaining PPs were involved in immunity, lipid metabolism, gene expression, connective tissue, and others, with some overlap in function.

Conclusions: The upregulated PPs in men or women are mostly reflecting the functon or risk/protection provided by the PPs to the specific sex, e.g., Apo-B100 of LDLC. Finally, the basis of sex-biased gene expression and sex phenotypic differences needs further investigation.

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常染色体上基因的性别表达：健康受试者血液中的 LC-MS/MS 蛋白质分析。

背景：性和性别对人类健康和疾病预测有很大影响。根据基因组学/遗传学，男性与女性在 Y 染色体上的基因数量有限，而两性的表型却有明显差异：本研究采用液相色谱-质谱法（LC-MS/MS）分析了 6 名巴林健康男性和女性的血清样本。生物信息学数据库和工具被用于蛋白质/肽（PPs）的鉴定和基因定位。结果显示，有显著差异的蛋白/肽（p结果显示：20 个 PPs 中，11 个在女性中上调，FC 非常高（高达 8 倍），9 个在男性中上调，但 FC 低得多。这些 PPs 由位于常染色体上的基因编码，表明基因表达存在性别差异。唯一与性别有关的 PP，即性激素结合球蛋白，在女性中上调。其余的 PPs 涉及免疫、脂质代谢、基因表达、结缔组织和其他方面，在功能上有一些重叠：结论：男性或女性中上调的 PPs 大多反映了特定性别的 PPs 所提供的功能或风险/保护，如低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的载脂蛋白-B100。最后，性别基因表达和性别表型差异的基础还需要进一步研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Genetics research 生物-遗传学

自引率

6.70%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Genetics Research is a key forum for original research on all aspects of human and animal genetics, reporting key findings on genomes, genes, mutations and molecular interactions, extending out to developmental, evolutionary, and population genetics as well as ethical, legal and social aspects. Our aim is to lead to a better understanding of genetic processes in health and disease. The journal focuses on the use of new technologies, such as next generation sequencing together with bioinformatics analysis, to produce increasingly detailed views of how genes function in tissues and how these genes perform, individually or collectively, in normal development and disease aetiology. The journal publishes original work, review articles, short papers, computational studies, and novel methods and techniques in research covering humans and well-established genetic organisms. Key subject areas include medical genetics, genomics, human evolutionary and population genetics, bioinformatics, genetics of complex traits, molecular and developmental genetics, Evo-Devo, quantitative and statistical genetics, behavioural genetics and environmental genetics. The breadth and quality of research make the journal an invaluable resource for medical geneticists, molecular biologists, bioinformaticians and researchers involved in genetic basis of diseases, evolutionary and developmental studies.