Epithelial Barrier Theory: The Role of Exposome, Microbiome, and Barrier Function in Allergic Diseases.

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q2 ALLERGY

Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI:10.4168/aair.2023.15.6.705

Purevsuren Losol, Milena Sokolowska, Yu-Kyoung Hwang, Ismail Ogulur, Yasutaka Mitamura, Duygu Yazici, Yagiz Pat, Urszula Radzikowska, Sena Ardicli, Jeong-Eun Yoon, Jun-Pyo Choi, Sae-Hoon Kim, Willem van de Veen, Mübeccel Akdis, Yoon-Seok Chang, Cezmi A Akdis

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Allergic diseases are a major public health problem with increasing prevalence. These immune-mediated diseases are characterized by defective epithelial barriers, which are explained by the epithelial barrier theory and continuously emerging evidence. Environmental exposures (exposome) including global warming, changes and loss of biodiversity, pollution, pathogens, allergens and mites, laundry and dishwasher detergents, surfactants, shampoos, body cleaners and household cleaners, microplastics, nanoparticles, toothpaste, enzymes and emulsifiers in processed foods, and dietary habits are responsible for the mucosal and skin barrier disruption. Exposure to barrier-damaging agents causes epithelial cell injury and barrier damage, colonization of opportunistic pathogens, loss of commensal bacteria, decreased microbiota diversity, bacterial translocation, allergic sensitization, and inflammation in the periepithelial area. Here, we review scientific evidence on the environmental components that impact epithelial barriers and microbiome composition and their influence on asthma and allergic diseases. We also discuss the historical overview of allergic diseases and the evolution of the hygiene hypothesis with theoretical evidence.

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上皮屏障理论:暴露体、微生物组和屏障功能在过敏性疾病中的作用。

过敏性疾病是一个主要的公共卫生问题，发病率越来越高。这些免疫介导的疾病以上皮屏障缺陷为特征，这可以通过上皮屏障理论和不断出现的证据来解释。环境暴露(暴露)，包括全球变暖、生物多样性的变化和丧失、污染、病原体、过敏原和螨虫、洗衣和洗碗机洗涤剂、表面活性剂、洗发水、身体清洁剂和家用清洁剂、微塑料、纳米颗粒、牙膏、加工食品中的酶和乳化剂，以及饮食习惯，都是造成粘膜和皮肤屏障破坏的原因。暴露于屏障损伤剂会导致上皮细胞损伤和屏障损伤，机会性病原体定植，共生菌丧失，微生物群多样性减少，细菌易位，过敏致敏和上皮周围区域的炎症。在这里，我们回顾了影响上皮屏障和微生物组组成的环境成分及其对哮喘和过敏性疾病的影响的科学证据。我们还讨论了过敏性疾病的历史概况和卫生假说的演变与理论证据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research ALLERGY-IMMUNOLOGY

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

6.80%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal features cutting-edge original research, brief communications, and state-of-the-art reviews in the specialties of allergy, asthma, and immunology, including clinical and experimental studies and instructive case reports. Contemporary reviews summarize information on topics for researchers and physicians in the fields of allergy and immunology. As of January 2017, AAIR do not accept case reports. However, if it is a clinically important case, authors can submit it in the form of letter to the Editor. Editorials and letters to the Editor explore controversial issues and encourage further discussion among physicians dealing with allergy, immunology, pediatric respirology, and related medical fields. AAIR also features topics in practice and management and recent advances in equipment and techniques for clinicians concerned with clinical manifestations of allergies and pediatric respiratory diseases.