Detection of fires in the toilet compartment and driver sleeping compartment of buses and coaches—Installation considerations based on full scale tests

Ola Willstrand, Jonas Brandt, Robert Svensson
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Effective fire detection systems properly installed in bus and coach toilet compartments and driver sleeping compartments may save human lives and property loss. Rapid detection allows for early evacuation and extinguishment of a small fire, while late or no detection may allow the fire to spread. The purpose of the work presented in this paper is to provide recommendations on how to install fire detection systems in toilet compartments and driver sleeping compartments. The recommendations also cover what type of detection system is most suited. As a basis for the recommendations, full scale fire tests were performed with different detection systems. The fire tests were conducted in realistic mockups of a toilet compartment and a sleeping compartment. Different heat and smoke detection systems were analyzed at different positions for different fire scenarios to provide information on how to best install detection systems in these compartments. Five different scenarios were run and the most interesting finding was that two realistic fire scenarios in the toilet compartment did not activate fire detectors in the ceiling at realistic air flow rates. It is very rare that fire detectors are placed anywhere else than on the ceiling in toilet compartments on buses and the fire would then be very large upon detection.

公共汽车和长途客车的厕所隔间和司机卧铺隔间的火灾探测——基于全尺寸试验的安装考虑
在巴士及旅游车的厕所及司机卧铺车厢安装有效的火警侦测系统,可有效地减少人身伤亡及财产损失。快速探测可以使小火灾早期疏散和扑灭,而晚探测或没有探测则可能使火灾蔓延。本文提出的工作目的是就如何在厕所隔间和司机卧铺隔间安装火灾探测系统提供建议。这些建议还涵盖了哪种类型的检测系统最适合。作为建议的基础,用不同的探测系统进行了全尺寸的火灾测试。火灾测试是在卫生间和卧室的真实模型中进行的。在不同的火灾情况下,在不同的位置分析了不同的热量和烟雾探测系统,以提供如何在这些隔间中最佳安装探测系统的信息。他们运行了五种不同的场景,最有趣的发现是,在真实的空气流速下,厕所隔间里的两种真实火灾场景并没有激活天花板上的火灾探测器。在公共汽车上,除了卫生间的天花板上,很少有火灾探测器被放置在其他地方,一旦被发现,火灾就会非常大。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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