STATE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

S. Yu, Zh. A. Petrova, V. Paziuk, Yu.P. Novikova
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

In sewage treatment plants, sludge is formed during wastewater treatment, in addition to treated water. They are dumped on silt sites, which occupy large areas and almost all overcrowding. The content of large amounts of minerals and toxic substances in sediments leads to the deterioration of underwater waters and land, which in turn leads to the deterioration of ecology and life in Ukraine. An urgent task in Ukraine is to create a comprehensive processing of sludge, which includes economic, technological, social and environmental aspects. The main methods of sludge disposal are use in agriculture, landfilling, incineration and dumping into the sea or ocean. The country is gradually trying to abandon the burial. European Union countries also process sludge aerobically and anaerobically. During these processes, components of organo-mineral fertilizers are created that can be used in agriculture. As fertilizers, sludge is composted, stabilized and pasteurized. Combustion of sludge allows to obtain a substitute for coal and oil. To increase the heat of combustion and improve combustion parameters to sludge sludge add coal, biomass. Low-temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge and household waste, which allows to obtain "crude oil". One of the methods is processing in biogas plants to obtain both biogas and environmentally friendly fertilizers. To increase the efficiency of treatment and reduction of sludge disposal of used stagnation-ments vermiculture. Analysis of the literature allows us to conclude that there are methods of disposal of sludge, which have become widespread in various countries around the world, such as fertilizers, alternative fuels, landfills and others. When disposing of sludge, it is possible to produce biogas, electricity and heat, which reduces energy costs for the process.
乌克兰和世界污水处理技术现状
在污水处理厂,除处理过的水外,污水处理过程中还会形成污泥。它们被倾倒在淤泥堆积地,这些堆积地占地面积很大,几乎都很拥挤。沉积物中大量矿物质和有毒物质的含量导致水下水域和土地的恶化,进而导致乌克兰生态和生命的恶化。乌克兰的一项紧迫任务是建立一种全面的污泥处理方法,其中包括经济、技术、社会和环境方面。污泥处理的主要方法是农业、填埋、焚烧和倾倒入海或海洋。该国正逐渐尝试放弃这种埋葬方式。欧盟国家也对污泥进行好氧和厌氧处理。在这些过程中,有机无机肥料的成分被创造出来,可以用于农业。作为肥料,污泥经过堆肥、稳定和巴氏消毒。燃烧污泥可以获得煤和石油的替代品。为提高燃烧热,改善污泥燃烧参数,向污泥中添加煤、生物质。对污水污泥和生活垃圾进行低温热解,从而获得“原油”。其中一种方法是在沼气厂进行处理,以获得沼气和环保肥料。提高污水处理效率,减少污泥处理量。通过对文献的分析,我们可以得出这样的结论:有一些处理污泥的方法,这些方法在世界各国都很普遍,比如肥料、替代燃料、垃圾填埋场等。在处理污泥时,可以产生沼气、电和热,从而降低了该过程的能源成本。
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