History of Military Contributions to the Creation of Vaccine-Serum Preparations Against Anthrax

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Abstract

Vaccination in combination with chemotherapeutic agents play an important role in the complex of measures aimed at combating anthrax. However, the role of Russian military scientists in the development of means and methods of specific biological protection against anthrax is not fully covered in scientific literature. The aim of the article is to summarize the contribution of Russian military scientists to the creation of vaccine-serum preparations against anthrax. In the 1940–1980s in the branches of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, live and combined anthrax vaccines have been created. Currently, these branches are located in the cities of Kirov and Yekaterinburg. In 1998, military researchers of these branches obtained a vaccine strain STI-PR-4 resistant to a number of antibiotics. On the basis of this strain, the combined dry anthrax vaccine was developed, which can be used in foci of biological infection together with the main chemotherapeutic drugs. In 1996–1998 specialists of the branch (Kirov), together with the Oryol biofactory, created a new production line for the production of heterologous (horse) anti-anthrax immunoglobulin, an emergency specific protection against the anthrax pathogen. The improvement of this drug was completed by the development of the laboratory technology for obtaining F(ab') 2 fragments, which can be used for emergency specific prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax. The task of developing a new anti-anthrax human immunoglobulin for intravenous administration was successfully solved in 2004 by scientists of the branch (Kirov) together with the Federal State Institution «Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion of Roszdrav» within the framework of the Federal Target Program. In 2020, employees of the branch (Kirov) developed a mass immunization method using oral anthrax vaccine. The ongoing advanced research on the creation of new vaccine-serum preparations, technologies for their production, methods of mass vaccination have created a serious scientific base, which will make it possible in the future to protect the population and personnel of the Armed Forces of our country from the outbreaks of anthrax and acts of biological terrorism
对炭疽疫苗血清制剂的军事贡献史
疫苗接种与化疗药物结合在防治炭疽的综合措施中起着重要作用。然而,俄罗斯军事科学家在开发针对炭疽的特定生物保护手段和方法方面的作用并没有在科学文献中得到充分的覆盖。本文的目的是总结俄罗斯军事科学家对炭疽疫苗血清制剂的创造的贡献。在1940年至1980年代,俄罗斯联邦国防部联邦国家预算机构“第48中央研究所”的分支机构研制出了炭疽活疫苗和联合疫苗。目前,这些分支机构位于基洛夫和叶卡捷琳堡。1998年,这些分支的军事研究人员获得了一种对许多抗生素具有抗性的STI-PR-4疫苗菌株。在该菌株的基础上研制了干炭疽联合疫苗,该疫苗可与主要化疗药物联合用于生物感染信息。1996-1998年,基洛夫分厂的专家与奥廖尔生物工厂一起建立了一条新的生产线,用于生产异源(马)抗炭疽免疫球蛋白,这是一种针对炭疽病原体的紧急特殊保护。该药物的改进是通过开发获得F(ab') 2片段的实验室技术完成的,可用于炭疽的紧急特异性预防和治疗。2004年,科研所(基洛夫)的科学家与联邦国立机构“罗斯德拉夫基洛夫血液学和输血研究所”在联邦目标计划的框架内成功地完成了开发一种新型静脉注射用抗炭疽人体免疫球蛋白的任务。2020年,该分部(基洛夫)的员工开发了一种使用口服炭疽疫苗的大规模免疫方法。正在进行的关于研制新的疫苗血清制剂、生产技术和大规模疫苗接种方法的先进研究已经奠定了坚实的科学基础,这将使今后有可能保护我国武装部队的人口和人员免受炭疽病爆发和生物恐怖主义行为的影响
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