Biodegradable Anti-Agglomerant Chemistry for Hydrate Plug Prevention in Various Production Conditions

D. Monteiro, L. Vo, Prince Philippe, S. Bodnar
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Performance of anti-agglomerants (AAs) depends on many factors, including salinity, water cut (WC), characteristics of the hydrocarbons, gas composition, reservoir conditions, production system conditions, and especially AA stability at the application conditions. Most AAs are surfactants, with one or multiple long hydrophobic tails and a charged hydrophilic head. This class of chemistry is often not easily degraded in the environment and can, therefore, be eliminated from consideration for application in environmentally sensitive regions. This paper presents the development of an AA that can be applied under a wide range of production conditions and is unique because of its ready biodegradability [>60% compared to other AAs, which either are not biodegradable (<20%) or can only achieve inherent biodegradability of 20 to 60%]. Rocking cell testing was conducted to determine the performance boundaries of the AA chemistry. Light, medium, and dark oils from various fields were used to evaluate the performance of the AA in aqueous phases ranging from condensed water (effectively, 0% salinity) to high salinity (~12%). Test results were categorized as "pass" for transportable hydrate slurries and "fail" if the systems plugged, and/or showed large hydrate crystals, and/or resulted in high slurry viscosity. Visual observations throughout the test and proximity sensor data provided qualitative and quantitative representations of the behavior of fluids in each cell. Water quality and emulsion tendency testing were conducted to verify that the AA would be suitable for offshore use and operable at topside. Biodegradation testing of the AA was conducted in seawater according to OECD 306 (1992). Systematic study demonstrated strong versatility for application of this AA to help prevent hydrate blockages in pipelines. Optimizing the head and tail length of the molecule was crucial for allowing it to treat a wide range of salinities, WCs, and oils with different API gravities. No sign of hydrate blockage was observed when applying the designed AA at minimum effective dosage (MED). The optimized product demonstrates overboard oil and water quality, thereby eliminating the need for an emulsion breaker and/or a water clarifier. The presented AA has a ready biodegradability of 61.8% [greater than 60% is categorized as readily biodegradable using OECD 306 (1992) methodology] and has been successfully implemented to treat hydrate plugging in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM).
在不同生产条件下防止水合物堵塞的可生物降解抗团聚化学
抗团聚剂(AA)的性能取决于许多因素,包括矿化度、含水率、油气特性、气体成分、储层条件、生产系统条件,尤其是AA在应用条件下的稳定性。大多数原子吸收剂是表面活性剂,具有一条或多条长长的疏水尾部和一个带电的亲水头部。这类化学物质通常不容易在环境中降解,因此可以在环境敏感地区的应用中排除。本文介绍了一种可应用于多种生产条件下的AA,其独特之处在于其可生物降解性[>60%],而其他AA要么不可生物降解(<20%),要么只能达到20%至60%的固有可生物降解性]。通过摇摆电池测试确定了AA化学的性能边界。采用不同油田的轻质、中质和深色油,评估了AA在水相中的性能,水相范围从冷凝水(有效盐度为0%)到高盐度(~12%)。对于可运输的水合物浆料,测试结果为“通过”,如果系统堵塞、水合物晶体大、浆料粘度高,测试结果为“失败”。整个测试过程中的视觉观察和近距离传感器数据提供了每个细胞中流体行为的定性和定量表征。进行了水质和乳化倾向测试,以验证AA适用于海上作业。根据经合发组织306(1992),在海水中进行了AA的生物降解试验。系统研究表明,该AA具有很强的通用性,可以帮助防止管道中的水合物堵塞。优化分子的头部和尾部长度对于使其能够处理大范围的盐度、wc和不同API重力的油至关重要。当以最小有效剂量(MED)应用所设计的AA时,未观察到水合物堵塞的迹象。优化后的产品显示了船外油和水的质量,从而不需要破乳剂和/或净水剂。所提出的AA具有61.8%的现成生物降解率[大于60%被OECD 306(1992)方法归类为容易生物降解],并已成功用于处理墨西哥湾(GOM)的水合物堵塞。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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