Research made simple: using multiperspective interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore healthcare phenomena

Abstract

10.1136/ebnurs-2021-103428 Using interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore multiperspectives Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was originally developed in 1995 by Johnathan Smith as a method to undertake experiential research in psychology and has gained prominence across health and social sciences as a way to understand and interpret topics that are complex and emotionally laden, such as chronic illness experiences. 2 IPA aims to uncover what a lived experience means to the individual through a process of indepth reflective inquiry. The IPA draws on phenomenological thinking, with the purpose to return ‘to the things themselves’ (p168). However, IPA also acknowledges that we are each influenced by the worlds in which we live and the experiences we encounter. Therefore, IPA is an interpretative process between the researcher and researched, influenced predominantly by Heidegger’s interpretive phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography. Within IPA, it is typical for researchers to select a small homogenous sample to explore the shared perspectives on a single phenomenon of interest. Within IPA studies, the focus has been on individual people living within diverse settings and populations such as chronic or longterm illnesses. The focus is on understandings of rich, lived experiences, and, given the small samples, IPA studies have typically not focused on those connected to the person living with diversity or disease. Recently, there has been an interest within IPA to suggest the value of capturing more complex data through multiple perspectives using designs and processes to address this shortcoming in IPA. This may involve the use of multiple participants and a range of data collection methods such as the use of dyads or focus groups. The aim of this paper is to explore the utility of IPA approaches using multiperspectives through focusing on a specific case study to illustrate this approach.