Postinfectious and Postvaccinal Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Adults: Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment

M. Yermalovich, V. Kolodkina, E. Samoilovich, G. Semeiko, A. O. Mikhalenko
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Relevance. Serological studies play an important role in assessing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and formation of post-infection and post-vaccination immune response.The Aims aim of the study was a comparative assessment of seroprevalence and concentration of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at 3–6 months after infection or vaccination.Materials & Methods. For the presence of total IgM and IgG antibodies to RBD fragment of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, the blood sera of 1331 people aged 18-70 years were examined, of which 334 had COVID-19 3–6 months before the study, 305 did not have COVID-19 and were vaccinated (using Sputnik V, Russia, or Sinopharm, PRC) 3–6 months before the study, 692 people were not ill and were not vaccinated. A quantitative assessment of IgG antibodies to the full-size S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 was performed for 435 samples.Results. The proportion of seropositive individuals 3–6 months after COVID-19 or after vaccination did not differ: 92.5% and 93.8% of the corresponding group had antibodies. Among the non-ill and unvaccinated, 45.7% also had specific antibodies, which indicates a high level of asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2. The group of vaccinated was also examined immediately before the introduction of the vaccine, and 39.7% of them already had specific antibodies due to asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2. The median concentration of antibodies in the group of COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher than in asymptomatically infected (50.9 AE/ml versus 29.1 AE/ml). The largest proportion of seropositive individuals (100.0%) and the highest concentration of antibodies (110 AE/ml) were detected in the group of vaccinated who had pre-existing antibodies.Conclusion. Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by a high frequency of subclinical course. Asymptomatic infection induced a weaker immune response compared to symptomatic COVID-19 or vaccination. Hybrid immunity caused by natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent vaccination was the most persistent and pronounced.
成人感染后和疫苗后对SARS-CoV-2的体液免疫反应:定性和定量评估
的相关性。血清学研究对评估SARS-CoV-2的传播以及感染后和接种后免疫反应的形成具有重要作用。该研究的目的是在感染或接种疫苗后3-6个月对SARS-CoV-2抗体的血清阳性率和浓度进行比较评估。材料与方法。为了检测sars - cov - 2s蛋白RBD片段的总IgM和IgG抗体的存在,对1331名年龄在18-70岁的人进行了血清检测,其中334人在研究前3-6个月患有COVID-19, 305人未患有COVID-19并在研究前3-6个月接种了疫苗(使用俄罗斯Sputnik V公司或中华人民共和国中国医药集团公司),692人未患病,未接种疫苗。对435份样本进行了SARS-CoV-2全尺寸s蛋白IgG抗体的定量评估。在COVID-19后3-6个月和接种疫苗后3-6个月血清阳性个体的比例没有差异:对应组中有抗体的比例分别为92.5%和93.8%。在未患病和未接种疫苗的人群中,45.7%的人也有特异性抗体,这表明无症状感染程度很高。接种疫苗的人群也在接种前立即进行了检查,其中39.7%的人因无症状感染SARS-CoV-2而已经有特异性抗体。新冠肺炎感染者抗体中位浓度高于无症状感染者(50.9 AE/ml vs 29.1 AE/ml),差异有统计学意义。血清阳性个体比例最大(100.0%),抗体浓度最高(110 AE/ml)。SARS-CoV-2感染的特点是亚临床病程的高频率。与有症状的COVID-19或疫苗接种相比,无症状感染诱导的免疫反应较弱。自然感染SARS-CoV-2和随后接种疫苗引起的混合免疫是最持久和最明显的。
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