Gut Microbiota Modulation and Prevention of Dysbiosis as an Alternative Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance: A Narrative Review.

IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Q2 BIOLOGY
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-01
Rafail Matzaras, Anna Nikopoulou, Efthimia Protonotariou, Eirini Christaki
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Abstract

Background: The importance of gut microbiota in human health is being increasingly studied. Imbalances in gut microbiota have been associated with infection, inflammation, and obesity. Antibiotic use is the most common and significant cause of major alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota and can result in colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: The purpose of this review is to present existing evidence on how microbiota modulation and prevention of gut dysbiosis can serve as tools to combat antimicrobial resistance. Results: While the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens requires antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action, the number of newly discovered antimicrobial classes remains very low. For this reason, the application of alternative modalities to combat antimicrobial resistance is necessary. Diet, probiotics/prebiotics, selective oropharyngeal or digestive decontamination, and especially fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are under investigation with FMT being the most studied. But, as prevention is better than cure, the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and strict infection control measures along with newly developed chelating agents could also play a crucial role in decreasing colonization with multidrug resistant organisms. Conclusion: New alternative tools to fight antimicrobial resistance via gut microbiota modulation, seem to be effective and should remain the focus of further research and development.

Abstract Image

肠道菌群调节和预防失调作为抗微生物药物耐药性的另一种途径:叙述性综述。
背景:肠道菌群在人类健康中的重要性正在得到越来越多的研究。肠道菌群失衡与感染、炎症和肥胖有关。抗生素的使用是导致肠道菌群组成和功能发生重大改变的最常见和最重要的原因,并可能导致多重耐药细菌的定植。方法:本综述的目的是介绍微生物群调节和预防肠道生态失调如何作为对抗抗生素耐药性的工具的现有证据。结果:虽然耐药病原体的传播需要具有新型作用机制的抗生素,但新发现的抗菌药物类别数量仍然很少。出于这个原因,应用替代方式来对抗抗菌素耐药性是必要的。饮食,益生菌/益生元,选择性口咽或消化道净化,特别是粪便微生物群移植(FMT)正在研究中,其中FMT研究最多。但是,预防胜于治疗,实施抗菌药物管理计划和严格的感染控制措施以及新开发的螯合剂也可以在减少多药耐药菌的定植方面发挥关键作用。结论:通过调节肠道菌群来对抗抗生素耐药的新替代工具似乎是有效的,应该成为进一步研究和开发的重点。
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来源期刊
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
期刊介绍: The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine (YJBM) is a graduate and medical student-run, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the publication of original research articles, scientific reviews, articles on medical history, personal perspectives on medicine, policy analyses, case reports, and symposia related to biomedical matters. YJBM is published quarterly and aims to publish articles of interest to both physicians and scientists. YJBM is and has been an internationally distributed journal with a long history of landmark articles. Our contributors feature a notable list of philosophers, statesmen, scientists, and physicians, including Ernst Cassirer, Harvey Cushing, Rene Dubos, Edward Kennedy, Donald Seldin, and Jack Strominger. Our Editorial Board consists of students and faculty members from Yale School of Medicine and Yale University Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. All manuscripts submitted to YJBM are first evaluated on the basis of scientific quality, originality, appropriateness, contribution to the field, and style. Suitable manuscripts are then subject to rigorous, fair, and rapid peer review.
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