Advances in gender preselection in swine.

L. Johnson
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引用次数: 25

Abstract

Gender preselection using isolated populations of X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa that have been separated on the basis of DNA content is currently possible in swine and other farm animals, as well as in humans. Semen from most livestock species can now be successfully separated into predominantly X or Y sperm populations before their use for intra-tubal insemination, deep-uterine insemination or for in vitro fertilization (IVF) to produce sexed offspring. Birth of progeny of the desired sex in cattle, sheep and swine under semi-practical conditions has successfully validated the sexing technology. Spermatozoa are separated on the basis of inherent differences in DNA content in the X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm population using modified flow cytometry/cell sorting technology. Spermatozoa are stained with Hoechst 33342 which binds to the DNA in an amount proportional to the amount of DNA present in the individual spermatozoa. Over 300 animals from various species at several locations have been born using the USDA-Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology for separating X and Y spermatozoa. Sex ratios are shifted from the normal 50:50 to 85 to 90% of one sex or the other. In swine, offspring have been born as the result of surgical intratubal insemination of separated spermatozoa and also from IVF and embryo transfer. At the present time, standard swine artificial insemination techniques are not optimized for use with the small numbers of flow cytometrically separated X or Y sperm populations. Cattle, swine and rabbit offspring have been reproduced through the second generation with normal morphology and reproductive function. Numerous improvements have been made in the sexing technology since it was first reported in 1989. Increasing the speed of the sexing process to make the application of the technology available to a larger segment of the livestock industry is paramount, even with insemination technology designed for small numbers of spermatozoa.
猪性别预选研究进展。
根据DNA含量分离出带有X染色体和y染色体的精子,利用这些精子进行性别预选,目前在猪和其他农场动物以及人类中都是可行的。现在,大多数家畜的精液在用于输卵管内授精、深子宫授精或体外受精(IVF)以产生有性生殖后代之前,可以成功地分离成以X或Y精子为主的精子群。在半实用的条件下,牛、羊和猪的期望性别后代的诞生成功地验证了性别鉴定技术。利用改进的流式细胞术/细胞分选技术,根据携带X染色体和y染色体的精子群体中DNA含量的固有差异分离精子。精子用Hoechst 33342染色,该Hoechst 33342以与单个精子中存在的DNA数量成比例的量与DNA结合。使用美国农业部贝尔茨维尔精子性别鉴定技术分离X和Y精子,来自多个地点的300多只不同物种的动物已经出生。性别比例从正常的50:50变为85%到90%。在猪中,通过输卵管内分离精子的手术人工授精,也可以通过体外受精和胚胎移植来产生后代。目前,标准的猪人工授精技术并不适合用流式细胞术分离的少量X或Y精子群体。牛、猪、兔的后代经过二代繁殖,形态和生殖功能正常。自1989年首次报道以来,性别鉴定技术已经取得了许多进步。即使是为少量精子设计的授精技术,提高交配过程的速度,使这项技术在畜牧业的更大范围内得到应用,也是至关重要的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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