Modern Methods of determining the adulteration of milk

Abstract

Milk is valuable for its special properties of protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements and should be included in the daily diet of a certain group of consumers. At the same time, products with a high nutritional value are the most vulnerable to falsification. The article analyzes the problem of falsification of food products and, in particular, milk. An overview of the main types of milk falsification and the reasons that lead to it was carried out. Most often, milk adulteration is carried out by adding presserva-tives, diluting milk with water followed by adding substances with a high nitrogen content to compensate for the level of protein content, replacing milk fat with fat of vegetable origin, adding natural or dry whey to some dairy products, replacing one type of milk with another, in particular, reconstituted natural milk. The article notes that the issue of detecting adulteration of milk is extremely difficult, since the composition of milk is influenced by many factors: area and breed of livestock, climate and seasons, individual differences between animals, stages of lactation, technological processes, etc. National food safety standards were reviewed and modern physico-chemical methods for detecting milk adulteration were analyzed, in particular, targeted ones, such as high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, enzyme immunoassay, nuclear magnetic resonance, and the polymerase chain reaction method. Characterized non-targeted screening methods for detecting milk adulteration: methods of molecular absorption and emission spectroscopy, such as near-IR spectroscopy, which, in combination with chemometric processing of the