Eucera bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Eucerini) preserved in their brood cells from late Holocene (middle Neoglacial) palaeosols of southwest Portugal

IF 2.3 2区 地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY
Carlos Neto de Carvalho, A. Baucon, D. Badano, P. Proença Cunha, Cristiana Ferreira, S. Figueiredo, Fernando Muñiz, J. Belo, F. Bernardini, M. Cachão
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Abstract

The c. 100 myr extensive fossil record of bee brood nests and cells (calichnia) in siliciclastic sedimentary deposits, or palaeosols, is virtually devoid of the presence of their producers. The absence of a more specific assignment to a producer of the different ichnogenera of the ichnofamily Celliformidae precludes their use in phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographic studies. Omission surfaces developed in incipient carbonate palaeosols during the late Holocene (middle Neoglacial), c. 2975 yr cal BP, on the southwest coast of mainland Portugal show insect calichnia in dense ichnofabrics dominated by shallow discrete cells (Palmiraichnus castellanosi) and cells at the terminus of vertical shafts. At Carreira Brava, one of the studied sites, bees ready to abandon their cells were found in an exceptional state of preservation inside the sealed brood chambers. The chambers also preserve the inner cell hydrophobic polymerized membrane and remains of the monospecific Brassicaceae‐type pollen provision. Although the cause of mass mortality remains a mystery, oxygen depletion due to sudden flooding of the nesting substrate and consequent or overnight temperature drop, just before emergence, are plausible causes. The anaerobic conditions and later rapid carbonate diagenetic lithification are the likely causes of the preservation of the bees and the inner cell organic membrane. The favourable climate conditions for the development of successive, dense ichnofabrics from an omission suite dominated by bee brood cells may be the result of slightly colder and higher‐precipitation winters during the Neoglacial interval.
葡萄牙西南部全新世晚期(新冰期中期)古土壤中保存的蜜蜂(膜翅目,蜜蜂科,蜜蜂科)
在距今约100万年前的大量化石记录中,在硅质沉积层或古土壤中发现了蜜蜂的巢和细胞(栉虫),但实际上没有它们的生产者。对鱼科细胞鱼科不同鱼属的生产者缺乏更具体的分配,妨碍了它们在系统发育和古生物地理学研究中的应用。在葡萄牙大陆西南海岸,约2975年BP的全新世晚期(新冰期中期)碳酸盐早期古土壤中发育的遗漏面显示出以浅层离散细胞(Palmiraichnus castellanosi)和竖井末端细胞为主的密集技术织体中的昆虫calichnia。在卡雷拉布拉瓦(Carreira Brava),一个被研究的地点,准备放弃蜂巢的蜜蜂被发现在密封的孵化室里处于一种特殊的保存状态。腔室还保存了细胞内疏水聚合膜和单特异性芸苔科类型花粉供应的残留物。虽然大规模死亡的原因仍然是一个谜,但由于筑巢基质突然淹没而导致的氧气消耗以及随之而来的或夜间温度下降,就在出现之前,是合理的原因。厌氧条件和后来快速的碳酸盐成岩岩化作用可能是蜜蜂和细胞内有机膜保存的原因。在新冰期间隔期,较冷的冬季和较高的降水可能会导致由蜂巢细胞主导的遗漏套件形成连续、密集的技术结构。
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来源期刊
Papers in Palaeontology
Papers in Palaeontology PALEONTOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: Papers in Palaeontology is the successor to Special Papers in Palaeontology and a journal of the Palaeontological Association (www.palass.org). The journal is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. Papers in Palaeontology is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. As a sister publication to Palaeontology its focus is on descriptive research, including the descriptions of new taxa, systematic revisions of higher taxa, detailed biostratigraphical and biogeographical documentation, and descriptions of floras and faunas from specific localities or regions. Most contributions are expected to be less than 30 pp long but longer contributions will be considered if the material merits it, including single topic parts. The journal publishes a wide variety of papers on palaeontological topics covering: palaeozoology, palaeobotany, systematic studies, palaeoecology, micropalaeontology, palaeobiogeography, functional morphology, stratigraphy, taxonomy, taphonomy, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, palaeoclimate analysis, biomineralization studies.
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