Kath Kuni architecture: field investigations and material characterisation

Abstract

This study presents the results of an extensive investigation carried out to better understand the seismic resilient features of Kath-Kuni structures that is mainly timber-laced dry masonry construction prevalent in the Himachal Pradesh region of India. The research comprised field reconnaissance surveys through rapid visual screening to understand the structural configuration. Thereafter, laboratory testing was conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties, joint characteristics, and interfacial resistance of timber and stones. Results from the field survey highlighted that the symmetrical geometry, the use of lintels above openings, and the corner interlocking were the major contributors to increase the seismic resilience of the buildings. Laboratory testing conducted on wooded joints present in the walls namely dowel and double-dovetail joints indicated the importance of connection conditions in increasing the shearing capacity. Besides, the shearing capacity was also dependent on the overburden pressure indicating the least capacity of connection at the top portion of the wall and the highest capacity at the bottom portion of the wall. The interface of timber and stones contributed to further increasing the shearing capacity of the walls. The output of this research is the first insight into the mechanical behaviour of joints of the Kath-Kuni structure.