The Action of Gene Polymorphism in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Presently, it is known that pathogenic bacteria are the key factors for the initiation of periodontal disease, but the host response and the severity of clinical expression are largely determined by genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. There is evidence that the individual response to the environment and variations in the immune response in periodontitis are associated with genetic factors. The gene polymorphisms like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) genes and their factors that determine the production of various cytokines which play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation and periodontal diseases. A sequel of this realization is that if the genetic basis of periodontal disease susceptibility can be understood, such information may have diagnostic and therapeutic value. This review focus to upgrade the general practitioners and periodontist about various genetic polymorphisms associated with periodontal diseases to aid in a better approach to the condition in the future.