University 4.0 in Developing Countries: A Case of Indonesia

Abstract

The barriers to adopting new emerging technologies are the parts of the transformation process of the university which are willing to change to the future environment which is triggered by the Industrial Revolution 4.0. This research aims to identify whether and how Emerging Technologies 4.0 can be established in universities of developing countries. Besides the literature review method, the research was conducted in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. The samples were 250 universities. The findings of this research may help higher education and top-management-level universities and the ministry of education to initiate future strategies: first, finding the mechanism to solve the financial problem (the highest obstacles) faced by the university, such as public-private partnerships, foreign investment, joint ventures, or other industrial relationships; second, working closely with technology and infrastructure providers (the third-highest obstacles) by implementing the technical approach such as cloud computing, on-demand technology, sharing resources, and virtualization.