Clinical significance of the pathological type of tumor in common forms of ovarian cancer: A retrospective study

Abstract

Background. Epithelial forms of ovarian cancer account for up to 90% of all ovarian malignancies. Epithelial forms of ovarian cancer are classified according to the WHO criteria of 2014 into several types: the most common are serous carcinomas (70%), mucinous carcinomas (3%), endometrioid tumors (10%), light cell cancer, transitional cell cancer, mixed and undifferentiated carcinomas are rare. Aim. To study the overall survival and progression-free survival depending on the stage of the disease, the pathological type of tumor and the degree of differentiation of tumor cells. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 467 patients with stage IIICIVB ovarian cancer in the Primorsky Regional Oncological Dispensary for the period from 2003 to 2021 was carried out. The obtained parameters were processed using standard statistical analysis methods using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program. Results. The overall results showed that the most favorable course of stage IIICIVB ovarian cancer has a serous type of ovarian cancer, probably due to its sensitivity to chemotherapy and aggressive surgical tactics. Patients with a mutation in the BRCA1/2 genes have a better prognosis in overall survival rates. BRCA1/2 mutations are associated with an improved response to chemotherapy with platinum-based drugs. Conclusion. The analysis made it possible to determine the most favorable prognostic factors for advanced stages of ovarian cancer, when comparing the groups of high-grade and low-grade IIIIV stage serous carcinoma, it was noted that the median overall survival, depending on the histological type, is better in the group of patients with low-grade IIIIV stage serous carcinoma. When comparing, depending on the timing of the operation performed, it can be noted that the median overall survival and median progression-free survival rates are better in the group of patients who received primary cytoreductive surgery.