Impact of Lifestyle and Nutritional Adaptation Strategies on Bone Health of Middle to Older Aged Women at Risk of Osteoporosis

Abstract

Osteoporosis is defined as a disorder or impairment in bone mass, strength, and microarchitectur, leading to increased risk for fracture, disability, loss of independence and even death. Optimum nutrition and diet rich in nutrients specific to bone health goes a long way in optimising the bone mass, as well as in prevention against this disorder. This study investigates the impact of nutritional and lifestyle changes on women in middle to older age group who are at risk of osteoporosis. Out of total (N=139 Females) screened participants to get females (n=60) for study in 40-60 years age groups, 43% were found at risk of osteoporosis. Reduced intake of proteins and minerals, ignorance of diversity in fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly (p≤0.05; 0.01) correlated with decreased BMD score, serum calcium and phosphorus levels. After several developmental trials; a formulation of mixture of cereals (20%), soy flour (20%), diverse fruit (30%), honey (20%), fat (6%), two herbs (2%) and flax seeds (2%) with overall acceptability score of 8.25 and significantly (p≤0.05) high in essential nutrients was selected for intervention to 50 % of women ( pre-15n, post-15n) participating in this study for a period of 90 days. The BMD scores, anthropometric and biochemical markers were assessed before and after the intervention period. After random supplementation of both the groups, improvement in biochemical markers specific to skeletal health was reported in test groups. The participants also mentioned decrease in frequent occurrence of pain and related symptoms. The observed effect of supplement has a potential to effectively reduce the risk of osteoporosis among females.