PipeCheck: Specifying and Verifying Microarchitectural Enforcement of Memory Consistency Models

Daniel Lustig, Michael Pellauer, M. Martonosi
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引用次数: 62

Abstract

We present PipeCheck, a methodology and automated tool for verifying that a particular micro architecture correctly implements the consistency model required by its architectural specification. PipeCheck adapts the notion of a "happens before" graph from architecture-level analysis techniques to the micro architecture space. Each node in the "micro architecturally happens before" (μhb) graph represents not only a memory instruction, but also a particular location (e.g., Pipeline stage) within the micro architecture. Architectural specifications such as "preserved program order" are then treated as propositions to be verified, rather than simply as assumptions. PipeCheck allows an architect to easily and rigorously test whether a micro architecture is stronger than, equal in strength to, or weaker than its architecturally-specified consistency model. We also specify and analyze the behavior of common micro architectural optimizations such as speculative load reordering which technically violate formal architecture-level definitions. We evaluate PipeCheck using a library of established litmus tests on a set of open-source pipelines. Using PipeCheck, we were able to validate the largest pipeline, the Open SPARC T2, in just minutes. We also identified a bug in the O3 pipeline of the gem5 simulator.
PipeCheck:指定和验证内存一致性模型的微架构执行
我们提出了PipeCheck,这是一种方法和自动化工具,用于验证特定的微体系结构是否正确实现了其体系结构规范所要求的一致性模型。PipeCheck将“发生之前”图的概念从架构级分析技术应用到微架构空间。“微架构发生之前”(μhb)图中的每个节点不仅表示一个内存指令,而且表示微架构内的特定位置(例如,流水线阶段)。诸如“保留的程序顺序”之类的体系结构规范随后被视为需要验证的命题,而不是简单地作为假设。PipeCheck允许架构师轻松而严格地测试微架构是否比其架构指定的一致性模型更强、更强、更弱。我们还指定并分析了常见的微体系结构优化的行为,例如在技术上违反正式体系结构级别定义的推测性负载重排序。我们使用在一组开源管道上建立的石蕊测试库来评估PipeCheck。使用PipeCheck,我们能够在几分钟内验证最大的管道Open SPARC T2。我们还在gem5模拟器的O3管道中发现了一个bug。
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