{"title":"Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Proportional Accountability of Flood Causal Factors and Vulnerable Areas in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Ndabula","doi":"10.7176/jrdm/77-03","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"There have been considerable reports on flood frequency, vulnerability and risk especially on Makurdi. However, not much has been known about the proportional contribution of the causal factors and distribution among vulnerable areas. This aspect remains fundamental in flood disaster and risk management decisions and actions. It is on this premise that this study applied the spatial multi-criteria evaluation technique (SMCE). The four (4) broad categories of flood causative factors: Climatic (rainfall) , soil (textural distribution of clay and sand content), morphometric (slope, linear and areal) and Land Use / Land Cover (built-up land, bare land, farm land, vegetated land, wetland and water bodies/broad river) were used for the analytic hierarchy process and weighted sum overlay technique. The analysis revealed percentage contributions of the most effective flood causing factors as follows: Rainfall (44.89%), morphometry (34.02%), Landuse / Landcover (12.8%) and soil (6.28%). The weighted sum overlay result shows that low flood vulnerability areas occupy 43.11% (460.782 km 2 ), moderate flood vulnerability areas 31.13% (332.717 km 2 ) and high flood vulnerability 25.75% (275.238 km 2 ). Since this study identified rainfall as the major determinant of flooding it recommends that annual and seasonal rainfall predictions should be enhanced in Makurdi. Also, the area with high flood vulnerability which coincides with built-up area should drive the promotion of flood resilience city structures and enforced by relevant public institutions such as Federal Ministry of Environment, Urban Planning Departments, Works and Housing. Therefore, remediation actions can be applied for the high vulnerability areas while mitigation actions can be focused more on the moderate flood vulnerability areas.","PeriodicalId":35409,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jrdm/77-03","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Business, Management and Accounting","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
There have been considerable reports on flood frequency, vulnerability and risk especially on Makurdi. However, not much has been known about the proportional contribution of the causal factors and distribution among vulnerable areas. This aspect remains fundamental in flood disaster and risk management decisions and actions. It is on this premise that this study applied the spatial multi-criteria evaluation technique (SMCE). The four (4) broad categories of flood causative factors: Climatic (rainfall) , soil (textural distribution of clay and sand content), morphometric (slope, linear and areal) and Land Use / Land Cover (built-up land, bare land, farm land, vegetated land, wetland and water bodies/broad river) were used for the analytic hierarchy process and weighted sum overlay technique. The analysis revealed percentage contributions of the most effective flood causing factors as follows: Rainfall (44.89%), morphometry (34.02%), Landuse / Landcover (12.8%) and soil (6.28%). The weighted sum overlay result shows that low flood vulnerability areas occupy 43.11% (460.782 km 2 ), moderate flood vulnerability areas 31.13% (332.717 km 2 ) and high flood vulnerability 25.75% (275.238 km 2 ). Since this study identified rainfall as the major determinant of flooding it recommends that annual and seasonal rainfall predictions should be enhanced in Makurdi. Also, the area with high flood vulnerability which coincides with built-up area should drive the promotion of flood resilience city structures and enforced by relevant public institutions such as Federal Ministry of Environment, Urban Planning Departments, Works and Housing. Therefore, remediation actions can be applied for the high vulnerability areas while mitigation actions can be focused more on the moderate flood vulnerability areas.
有大量关于洪水频率、脆弱性和风险的报告,特别是在马库尔迪。然而,人们对致病因素的比例贡献及其在脆弱地区的分布知之甚少。这方面仍然是洪水灾害和风险管理决策和行动的基础。在此前提下,本研究采用了空间多准则评价技术(SMCE)。洪水成因的四大类:气候(降雨)、土壤(粘土和沙子含量的质地分布)、形态(坡度、线性和面积)和土地利用/土地覆盖(建成区、裸地、农田、植被、湿地和水体/宽阔河流),采用了层次分析法和加权叠加技术。结果表明,降雨(44.89%)、地貌(34.02%)、土地利用/覆被(12.8%)和土壤(6.28%)对洪涝影响最大。加权叠加结果表明,低洪水易损性区占43.11% (460.782 km 2),中度洪水易损性区占31.13% (332.717 km 2),高洪水易损性区占25.75% (275.238 km 2)。由于这项研究确定降雨量是洪水的主要决定因素,因此建议加强马库尔迪的年度和季节性降雨量预测。此外,与建成区重合的高洪水脆弱性地区应推动防洪城市结构的推广,并由联邦环境部、城市规划部门、工程和住房等相关公共机构实施。因此,可对高易损性区域采取补救措施,而对中度易损性区域采取缓解措施。
期刊介绍:
IJHRDM is established to cover all issues that arise when dealing with the most important of all resources - the human resource. This includes issues that are related to their growth and development as a tool in the workplace (e.g. skill training and proficiency enhancement) and in managing them effectively as a resource. The workplace is defined very broadly - it could be in a manufacturing setting or in a service setting in a changing and dynamic global environment. IJHRDM provides a refereed and authoritative source of information on aspects of human resources development and management, in manufacturing and services enterprises in a changing and dynamic global environment.