Thermal Effects Associated with RF Exposures in Diagnostic MRI: Overview of Existing and Emerging Concepts of Protection

IF 0.9 4区医学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B-Magnetic Resonance Engineering Pub Date : 2019-06-17 DOI:10.1155/2019/9618680

J. S. van den Brink

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引用次数: 18

Abstract

Apart from magnetic attraction risks, the primary biophysical concern associated with MRI is radiofrequency heating of the human body and associated discomfort, health deterioration, or potential burns. This paper reviews experimental data and numerical modeling of systemic (core and brain) temperature and local thermal effects associated with diagnostic MRI exposures at 1.5T (64 MHz) and 3.0T (128 MHz). Allowable temperatures and duration of systemic exposure are established based on knowledge of (short-term) human thermobiology. Longer term effects related to DNA damage or altered cellular pathways are not covered in this review. Updated limits are proposed for core temperature increase (≤1.3°C) and for Specific Absorption (<4 kJ/kg). The potential use of thermal dose (CEM43) for local thermal protection is described, and previously proposed exposure limit values are evaluated against available data from current MRI practice. Gaps in knowledge are identified, and recommendations for additional research are provided.

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诊断性MRI中与射频暴露相关的热效应:现有和新出现的保护概念概述

除了磁吸引风险外，与MRI相关的主要生物物理问题是人体的射频加热以及相关的不适、健康恶化或潜在烧伤。本文回顾了1.5T (64 MHz)和3.0T (128 MHz) MRI诊断暴露相关的系统(核心和大脑)温度和局部热效应的实验数据和数值模拟。系统暴露的允许温度和持续时间是根据(短期)人体热生物学知识建立的。与DNA损伤或细胞通路改变有关的长期影响未在本综述中涉及。提出了核心温度升高(≤1.3°C)和比吸收(<4 kJ/kg)的更新限值。描述了热剂量(CEM43)用于局部热防护的潜在用途，并根据当前MRI实践的可用数据评估了先前提出的暴露极限值。指出了知识上的差距，并提出了进一步研究的建议。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B-Magnetic Resonance Engineering 物理-光谱学

CiteScore

2.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B brings together engineers and physicists involved in the design and development of hardware and software employed in magnetic resonance techniques. The journal welcomes contributions predominantly from the fields of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), but also encourages submissions relating to less common magnetic resonance imaging and analytical methods. Contributors come from both academia and industry, to report the latest advancements in the development of instrumentation and computer programming to underpin medical, non-medical, and analytical magnetic resonance techniques.