Experimental Investigation of Nanoskin Formation Threshold for Nano-Enhanced Oil Recovery Nano-EOR

Y. Omotosho, O. Falode, T. Ojo
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Abstract

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods continue to be dominant in improving world’s oil reserves as producing fields mature. Global growth of 18% was recorded in proved reserves between 2007 and 2017 (BP Statistical Review, 2018), with North America, which has invested in several EOR techniques, contributing about 14% to this growth. This proves that EOR stands as a long-term solution to the menace of dwindling reserves. Recently, nanotechnology has been gaining attention for application in the petroleum industry. It has been established that nanoparticles dispersed in base fluids such as water, brine or certain organic solvents (nanofluid) exhibit some special properties proved to be advantageous for EOR purposes. Additional recovery of about 30% has been recorded. However, permeability damage, which has been widely reported, is yet to be critically studied and analysed. The objective of this research was to investigate how two important properties; concentration and injection rate of the nanofluid, affect oil recovery, and as well establish the thresholds of conditions which lead to permeability impairment and injection fluid loss during nanoflooding with silica nanoparticles. The permeability impairment layer which is gradually formed at the rock pore surface is termed nanoskin (a concept introduced by the author). Four core samples were flooded with brine followed by silica nanofluid of four different concentrations viz; 0.01, 0.5, 2.0 amd 3.0% wt/wt respectively. The flooding process was accompanied with changing injection rates viz; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 cm3/min. The result indicated that concentration of 2.0% wt/wt and injection rate of 2.0 cm3/min were threshold levels that guaranteed optimal oil recovery from the Niger Delta core samples. The overall result demonstrates that nanoflooding is a viable EOR technique and establishes a combination of parameters that will minimize nanoskin formation during nano-EOR process.
纳米提高采收率纳米提高采收率纳米表皮形成阈值的实验研究
随着油田的成熟,提高石油采收率(EOR)方法在提高世界石油储量方面继续占据主导地位。2007年至2017年,全球已探明储量增长了18% (BP统计评论,2018年),其中北美投资了几种EOR技术,对这一增长贡献了约14%。这证明了EOR是应对石油储量减少威胁的长期解决方案。近年来,纳米技术在石油工业中的应用日益受到人们的关注。已经确定,分散在基础流体(如水、盐水或某些有机溶剂(纳米流体))中的纳米颗粒表现出一些特殊性质,被证明有利于提高采收率。已记录的额外回收率约为30%。然而,渗透率损伤虽然已被广泛报道,但尚未得到严谨的研究和分析。本研究的目的是探讨两个重要的性质;纳米流体的浓度和注入速度不仅影响原油采收率,而且确定了纳米二氧化硅纳米驱过程中导致渗透率降低和注入流体漏失的条件阈值。在岩石孔隙表面逐渐形成的渗透性损害层被称为纳米皮(作者引入的概念)。四个岩心样品分别用卤水浸泡,然后用四种不同浓度的二氧化硅纳米流体:分别为0.01、0.5、2.0和3.0% wt/wt。驱油过程伴随着注入速率的变化,即;0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 cm3/min。结果表明,2.0% wt/wt和2.0 cm3/min的注入速度是保证尼日尔三角洲岩心样品最佳采收率的阈值水平。总体结果表明,纳米驱油是一种可行的提高采收率技术,并建立了一系列参数组合,可以最大限度地减少纳米采收率过程中纳米皮的形成。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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