Central chemosensitivity, sleep, and wakefulness

Eugene E Nattie
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引用次数: 91

Abstract

Neurons in many regions of the lower brain are chemosensitive in vitro. Focal acidification of these same and other regions in vivo can stimulate breathing indicating the presence of chemoreception. Why are there so many sites for central chemoreception? This review evaluates data obtained from unanesthetized rats at three central chemoreceptor sites, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the medullary raphé, and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and extends ideas concerning two hypotheses, which were recently formulated (Nattie, E., 2000. Respir. Physiol. 122, 223–235). (1) The high overall sensitivity of the respiratory control system in the unanesthetized state to small increases in arterial CO2 relies on an additive or greater effect of these multiple chemoreceptor sites. (2) Chemoreceptor sites can vary in effectiveness dependent on the state of arousal. These ideas fit into a more speculative and general hypothesis that central chemoreceptors are organized in a hierarchical manner as proposed for temperature sensing and thermoregulation (Satinoff, E., 1978. Science 201, 16–22). The presence of a number of chemosensitive sites with varying thresholds, sensitivity, and arousal dependence provides finely tuned control and stability for breathing.

中枢化学敏感性,睡眠和清醒
在体外实验中,大脑下部许多区域的神经元具有化学敏感性。体内这些区域和其他区域的局部酸化可以刺激呼吸,表明化学接受的存在。为什么有这么多的中心化学接收点?本综述评估了未麻醉大鼠的三个中心化学感受器部位的数据,即后锥体核(RTN)、髓状核和孤束核(NTS),并扩展了最近提出的两个假设的观点(Nattie, E., 2000)。和。生理学报。122,223-235)。(1)非麻醉状态下呼吸控制系统对动脉CO2小幅升高的高总体敏感性依赖于这些多种化学受体位点的加性或更大的作用。(2)化学感受器位置的有效性取决于觉醒状态。这些观点符合一种更具推测性和一般性的假设,即中央化学感受器是按照温度传感和温度调节的分层方式组织的(Satinoff, E., 1978)。科学,2011,16-22)。许多具有不同阈值、敏感性和唤醒依赖性的化学敏感位点的存在为呼吸提供了精细调节的控制和稳定性。
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