Breeding biology of Hooded Gnateater Conopophaga roberti Hellmayr, 1905 (Aves: Conopophagidae)

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biota Neotropica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1370

Surama Pereira, Bruna Stefane da Silva Santos, F. K. Ubaid

{"title":"Breeding biology of Hooded Gnateater Conopophaga roberti Hellmayr, 1905 (Aves: Conopophagidae)","authors":"Surama Pereira, Bruna Stefane da Silva Santos, F. K. Ubaid","doi":"10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1370","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Hooded Gnateater Conopophaga roberti Hellmayr, 1905 is an insectivorous understory passeriform with discrete behavior, whose reproductive attributes are poorly-known. In the present study, we describe the reproductive biology of the species and the growth pattern of the nestlings, based on observations conducted in remnants of the Cerrado savanna in eastern Maranhão state, in Brazil. The nests were identified during active searches conducted between June, 2018 and March, 2021. A total of 22 nests were found over the course of three breeding seasons. The cup-shaped nests were supported by small branches and were constructed at a mean height of 40.6 ± 16.1 cm (N = 21) above the ground. The nests were 23.1 ± 3.9 cm in length and 14.1 ± 1.6 cm in width (N = 21). The eggs were beige in color, with irregular brown mottling only at the rounded end of the egg, which had a mean length of 21.3 ± 0.8 mm, width of 17.2 ± 0.8 mm, and mass of 3.1 ± 0.1 g (N = 23). Hatchlings are completely naked and weigh 3.1 ± 0.2 g (N = 7), and when they abandon the nest, they have yet to reach full adult size, with the total length being 65.4% of that of the adult, the wing, 65.4%, the head, 73.9%, the culmen, 74.2%, the body mass, 73.3%, and the tarsus, 89.0% that of the adult. The growth curves are sigmoidal and all the coefficients of determination are at least 0.96, with the body length having the highest value (R2 = 0.98). During the breeding season, the adult pair emitted alarm calls constantly when observers were in the vicinity of the nest. On a number of occasions, members of the breeding pair were observed moving away from the nest as it was approached by observers, while engaging in broken-wing display. The nest architecture, the color of the eggs, and the behaviors presented by this gnateater were similar to those described for other Conopophaga. With this work we contributed to improve the knowledge on the breeding behavior of this poorly know group of understory insectivorous birds.","PeriodicalId":49102,"journal":{"name":"Biota Neotropica","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biota Neotropica","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1370","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract The Hooded Gnateater Conopophaga roberti Hellmayr, 1905 is an insectivorous understory passeriform with discrete behavior, whose reproductive attributes are poorly-known. In the present study, we describe the reproductive biology of the species and the growth pattern of the nestlings, based on observations conducted in remnants of the Cerrado savanna in eastern Maranhão state, in Brazil. The nests were identified during active searches conducted between June, 2018 and March, 2021. A total of 22 nests were found over the course of three breeding seasons. The cup-shaped nests were supported by small branches and were constructed at a mean height of 40.6 ± 16.1 cm (N = 21) above the ground. The nests were 23.1 ± 3.9 cm in length and 14.1 ± 1.6 cm in width (N = 21). The eggs were beige in color, with irregular brown mottling only at the rounded end of the egg, which had a mean length of 21.3 ± 0.8 mm, width of 17.2 ± 0.8 mm, and mass of 3.1 ± 0.1 g (N = 23). Hatchlings are completely naked and weigh 3.1 ± 0.2 g (N = 7), and when they abandon the nest, they have yet to reach full adult size, with the total length being 65.4% of that of the adult, the wing, 65.4%, the head, 73.9%, the culmen, 74.2%, the body mass, 73.3%, and the tarsus, 89.0% that of the adult. The growth curves are sigmoidal and all the coefficients of determination are at least 0.96, with the body length having the highest value (R2 = 0.98). During the breeding season, the adult pair emitted alarm calls constantly when observers were in the vicinity of the nest. On a number of occasions, members of the breeding pair were observed moving away from the nest as it was approached by observers, while engaging in broken-wing display. The nest architecture, the color of the eggs, and the behaviors presented by this gnateater were similar to those described for other Conopophaga. With this work we contributed to improve the knowledge on the breeding behavior of this poorly know group of understory insectivorous birds.

查看原文本刊更多论文

摘要:兜蚊(Conopophaga roberti Hellmayr, 1905)是一种行为离散的食虫林下虫形，其繁殖特性尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们描述了该物种的生殖生物学和雏鸟的生长模式，基于在巴西马拉南州东部塞拉多稀树草原的残余进行的观察。这些巢穴是在2018年6月至2021年3月期间进行的积极搜索中发现的。在三个繁殖季节中，总共发现了22个巢穴。巢形呈杯状，由小树枝支撑，离地平均高度40.6±16.1 cm (N = 21)。巢长23.1±3.9 cm，宽14.1±1.6 cm (N = 21)。卵呈米黄色，仅卵圆端有不规则的褐色斑纹，平均长21.3±0.8 mm，宽17.2±0.8 mm，质量3.1±0.1 g (N = 23)。雏鸟全身裸露，体重3.1±0.2 g (N = 7)，离巢时尚未达到成虫体型，体长为成虫的65.4%，翅膀为65.4%，头部为73.9%，鼻梁为74.2%，体重为73.3%，跗骨为成虫的89.0%。生长曲线呈s型曲线，各决定系数均≥0.96，体长最高(R2 = 0.98)。在繁殖季节，当观察者在鸟巢附近时，成年的一对会不断发出警报。在很多情况下，当观察者接近鸟巢时，繁殖对中的成员会离开鸟巢，同时进行折断翅膀的表演。巢的结构、蛋的颜色和这种食虫的行为都与其他食虫相似。通过这项工作，我们有助于提高对这一鲜为人知的林下食虫鸟类群体的繁殖行为的认识。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Biota Neotropica BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

16.70%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： BIOTA NEOTROPICA is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal"s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Manuscripts are considered on the understanding that their content has not appeared, or will not be submitted, elsewhere in substantially the same form, because once published their copyrights are transferred to BIOTA NEOTROPICA as established in the Copyright Transfer Agreement signed by the author(s).