Leishmaniases in West Africa: Past and Current

Leishmaniases as Re-emerging Diseases Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77009

A. Kone, M. Thera, B. Faye, O. Doumbo

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in West Africa. Sporadic and anecdotal cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been reported in the past. Recent data showed the changing of epidemiology of leishmaniases in West Africa, with the occurrence of outbreak of CL due to Leishmania major in urban and rural areas. CL is transmitted by Phlebotomus duboscqi. The role of Sergentomyia (Spelaeomyia) darlingi as vector in rural areas has been evoked but not confirmed. Cases of VL due to Leishmania spp. have been described in West Africa; however, parasites species were not identified and dogs were suspected to be the reservoir. No humans’ case of symptomatic VL due to L. infantum has been described in West Africa. Recent data in rural areas of Senegal confirmed dog as reservoir of L. infantum. In the same study in Senegal, Sergentomyia sandflies were found infected with L. infantum, indicating a possible role in leishmaniasis transmission. Coinfection leishmaniases-HIV is reported but rare. In this chapter, we included most recent publications and propose an updated landscape of CL and VL epidemiology in West Africa.

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西非的利什曼病:过去和现在

利什曼病是媒介传播的疾病。皮肤利什曼病是西非的一种地方性疾病。过去曾报告过内脏利什曼病(VL)的零星和轶事病例。最近的数据显示西非利什曼病流行病学的变化，在城市和农村地区发生了由利什曼原虫引起的CL暴发。CL是由杜氏白蛉传播的。在农村地区，达林蛇精虫(Spelaeomyia)作为病媒的作用已引起关注，但尚未得到证实。西非已报告由利什曼原虫引起的VL病例;然而，寄生虫种类未被确定，狗被怀疑是宿主。在西非尚未报告由婴儿乳杆菌引起的人类有症状的VL病例。塞内加尔农村地区的最新数据证实狗是婴儿乳杆菌的宿主。在塞内加尔的同一项研究中，发现沙蝇感染了婴儿乳杆菌，这表明它可能在利什曼病传播中起作用。利什曼病- hiv合并感染有报道，但很少见。在本章中，我们纳入了最新的出版物，并提出了西非CL和VL流行病学的最新概况。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Leishmaniases as Re-emerging Diseases

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