Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO2 nano catalyst

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy & Environment Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI:10.1177/0958305X221115090

P. Sujin, P. M. Díaz, Ajith J. Kings, L. Miriam

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Rapid industrialization and population expansion increased the demand for petroleum-based fuels, resulting in price hike and creates serious environmental issues. Biodiesel, a clean, renewable and long-lasting alternative and for large scale production needs readily available and sustainable feedstocks. Edible and non-edible plants are abundant in Southern India, particularly Ceiba penandra (CP), Mahua longifolia (ML), and Azadirachta indica (AI), which were employed in this study in combination. An efficient heterogeneous nano-catalyst CaO-TiO2 was synthesized and employed in the transesterification process due to its recoverability and insensitivity to FFA. The catalyst was subjected to characterize by FTIR, XRD and SEM with EDX mapping. Response surface approach is engaged in this study for cost-effective production. More than 95% biodiesel yield was achieved for Ceiba penandra oil (CPO), Mahua longifolia oil (MLO), Azadirachta indica oil (AIO) and their mixture (MIO) by optimization of significant reaction parameters and the best combination was obtained as methanol oil ratio (0.32, 0.46, 0.34 and 0.42 v/v), catalyst usage (5, 6.5, 6 and 4 wt.%), mixing intensity (750, 840, 700 and 540 rpm) and duration (80, 105, 85 and 85 min) respectively with constant temperature of 70°C. Fatty acid profile was characterized by chromatograph also established the properties by ASTM and EN guidelines to confirm its compatibility in the IC engine.

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利用二氧化钛纳米催化剂从木棉、麻花和印楝中可持续生产生物柴油

快速的工业化和人口膨胀增加了对石油基燃料的需求，导致价格上涨，并造成严重的环境问题。生物柴油是一种清洁、可再生和持久的替代品，需要随时可用和可持续的原料，用于大规模生产。印度南部有丰富的可食用和非食用植物，特别是Ceiba penandra (CP)， Mahua longifolia (ML)和Azadirachta indica (AI)，本研究使用了它们的组合。合成了一种高效的非均相纳米催化剂CaO-TiO2，由于其可回收性和对FFA的不敏感性，将其用于酯交换过程。用FTIR、XRD、SEM和EDX作图对催化剂进行了表征。本研究采用响应面法进行生产成本效益研究。短句来源通过对Ceiba penandra oil (CPO)、Mahua longifolia oil (MLO)、Azadirachta indica oil (AIO)及其混合物(MIO)的重要反应参数进行优化，得到最佳反应组合为甲醇油比(0.32、0.46、0.34和0.42 v/v)、催化剂用量(5、6.5、6和4 wt.%)、混合强度(750、840、700和540 rpm)和混合时间(80、105、85和85 min)，反应温度为70℃。用色谱仪对脂肪酸谱进行了表征，并根据ASTM和EN指南确定了其性能，以确定其在IC发动机中的相容性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy & Environment ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

7.10%

发文量

157

期刊介绍： Energy & Environment is an interdisciplinary journal inviting energy policy analysts, natural scientists and engineers, as well as lawyers and economists to contribute to mutual understanding and learning, believing that better communication between experts will enhance the quality of policy, advance social well-being and help to reduce conflict. The journal encourages dialogue between the social sciences as energy demand and supply are observed and analysed with reference to politics of policy-making and implementation. The rapidly evolving social and environmental impacts of energy supply, transport, production and use at all levels require contribution from many disciplines if policy is to be effective. In particular E & E invite contributions from the study of policy delivery, ultimately more important than policy formation. The geopolitics of energy are also important, as are the impacts of environmental regulations and advancing technologies on national and local politics, and even global energy politics. Energy & Environment is a forum for constructive, professional information sharing, as well as debate across disciplines and professions, including the financial sector. Mathematical articles are outside the scope of Energy & Environment. The broader policy implications of submitted research should be addressed and environmental implications, not just emission quantities, be discussed with reference to scientific assumptions. This applies especially to technical papers based on arguments suggested by other disciplines, funding bodies or directly by policy-makers.